Figure 1.

Psh-Dependent Activation of the Toll Pathway

Wild-type w¹¹¹⁸ flies and Grass^hrd (Grass), Spaetzle^rm7 (Spz), and psh¹ (Psh) mutant flies were immune challenged by septic injury with three different inocula diluted in PBS (OD₆₀₀ = 0.1, 1, and 10) of Gram-positive bacteria (A), fungi (B), or Gram-negative bacteria (C). PBS (OD₆₀₀ = 0) was used as control. Flies were collected 16 hr after challenge and drs gene expression was monitored by qRT-PCR in total RNA extracts. Ribosomal protein 49 (Rp49) mRNA was used as reference gene. Data represent means ± SEs of three independent experiments, each containing three groups of ten flies (five males and five females). Results were normalized to the value obtained for w¹¹¹⁸ control flies.