Figure 5.

Verification of the role of altered expression levels of Zn²⁺ transporters on increased [Zn²⁺]_i‐associated ER stress in HF. The ER stress marker proteins such as GRP78, CHOP/Gadd153 and calnexin at 94 kD, 30 kD and 90 kD (with respect to GAPDH at 37 kD) in directly [Zn²⁺]_i increased H9c2 cells with Zn²⁺ ionophore pyrithione, Zn²⁺/Pyr (0.1 μM for 24 hrs) incubation (without or with an ER stress inhibitor tauroursodeoxycholic acid, TUDCA, 50 μM for 18 hrs) H9c2 cells with respect to their controls (CON) (A). The densitometry analysis showing the protein levels of GRP78, CHOP/Gadd153 and calnexin at 94 kD, 30 kD and 90 kD, respectively (with respect to GAPDH at 37 kD). (B) The expression levels of ZIP8, ZIP14 and ZnT8 in a direct ER stress activator tunicamycin incubated H9c2 cells (TUN; 10 μM for 18 hrs). All measurements with double assays in each sample from each group for each type of measurement. Significance level accepted at *P < 0.05 versus CON.