Table 1.

Caregiver Covariates

Variable	Unit
Age	Years
Gender	Male Female
Level of Education	0 = No formal education 1–11 = Levels of primary and secondary school 12 = High school 13 = Trade school 14 = Some college or associate’s degree 15 = Undergraduate degree 16 = Master’s degree 17 = Doctoral degree
Ability to pay for basics	Not difficult at all Not very difficult Somewhat difficult Very difficult
Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression (CES-D) score	Range = 0–30 ≥8 = Probable depression
Time caring for person with dementia	Years
Spousal relationship to person with dementia	Spouse Non-spouse
Physical health	Poor Fair Good Very good Excellent