Table 1.
Maternal Baseline Characteristics.
| Demographic characteristic1 | Lifestyle Intervention (n = 105) |
Usual Care (n = 105) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 33.8 ± 4.0 | 33.8 ± 4.7 |
| Race | ||
| White | 48 (46%) | 50 (48%) |
| Black | 25 (24%) | 25 (24%) |
| Other | 26 (25%) | 22 (21%) |
| More than one race | 5 (5%) | 8 (8%) |
| Unknown | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Ethnicity | ||
| Not Hispanic/Latina | 72 (69%) | 80 (76%) |
| Hispanic | 32 (30%) | 25 (24%) |
| Unknown | 1 (1%) | 0 (0%) |
| Marital status | ||
| Married | 78 (74%) | 73 (70%) |
| Not married/living with significant | 13 (12%) | 21 (20%) |
| Other | ||
| Separated/divorced/widowed | 3 (3%) | 1 (1%) |
| Not married | 10 (10%) | 10 (10%) |
| Unknown | 1 (1%) | 0 (%) |
| Education-highest level attained Categories | ||
| High school diploma or less | 4 (4%) | 3 (3%) |
| College (1–3 yr)/business/technical | 15 (14%) | 12 (11%) |
| College degree (bachelor) | 46 (44%) | 39 (37%) |
| Postgraduate work | 39 (37%) | 51 (49%) |
| Unknown | 1 (1%) | 0 (%) |
| Annual family income Categories | ||
| ≤$24,999 | 3 (3%) | 7 (7%) |
| $25,000 – $74,999 | 31 (30%) | 29 (28%) |
| $75,000 – $149,000 | 38 (36%) | 35 (33%) |
| ≥$150,000 | 31 (29%) | 34 (32%) |
| Unknown | 2 (2%) | 0 (0%) |
| Pregnancy information | ||
| Gestational age Categories | ||
| 11 – 13 weeks completed (11 to <14) | 10 (10%) | 12 (11%) |
| 14 weeks completed (14 to <15) | 33 (31%) | 37 (35%) |
| 15 weeks completed (15 to <16) | 62 (59%) | 55 (52%) |
| 16 weeks completed (16 to <17) | 0 (0%) | 1 (1%) |
| Gestational age at randomization (wks) | 14.96 ± 0.72 | 14.82 ± 0.78 |
| Height (cm) | 164.3 ± 5.4 | 163.5 ± 7.0 |
| Baseline weight (kg) | 81.5 ± 12.4 | 82.2 ± 15.0 |
| Baseline BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 ± 4.1 | 30.7 ± 5.0 |
| Baseline BMI Categories | ||
| Overweight (25.0 – 29.9 kg/m2) | 65 (62%) | 60 (57%) |
| Obese (>30.0 kg/m2) | 40 (38%) | 45 (43%) |
| Parity | ||
| 0 | 39 (37%) | 38 (36%) |
| 1 | 30 (29%) | 31 (30%) |
| >2 | 36 (34%0 | 36 (34%) |
1
Values are n (%) for categorical variables and mean ± SD for continuous variables. Differences in baseline characteristics between the treatment groups were not significant.