Table 3.
Most frequent diagnoses by region of exposurea among 10 567 non-expatriate business travelersb with 12 080 total diagnoses evaluated at GeoSentinel sites from 1997 to 2014
| Sub-Saharan Africa (N = 3799) | South Central Asia (N = 1569) | Southeast Asia (N = 1556) | South America (N = 742) | ||||
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| Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
| P. falciparum malaria | 478 (13%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 224 (14%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 151 (10%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 69 (9%) |
| Acute unspecified diarrhea | 328 (9%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 134 (9%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 105 (7%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 62 (8%) |
| Viral syndrome, no rash | 306 (8%) | Giardia | 115 (7%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 96 (6%) | Insect bite | 36 (5%) |
| Acute bacterial diarrhea | 201 (5%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 106 (7%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 91 (6%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 35 (5%) |
| Chronic unknown diarrhea | 157 (4%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 102 (7%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 68 (4%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 34 (5%) |
| Unspecified febrile illness (<3 weeks) | 145 (4%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 84 (5%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 65 (4%) | Giardia | 29 (4%) |
| Giardia | 102 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 55 (4%) | P. vivax malaria | 44 (3%) | Blastocystis | 27 (4%) |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 97 (3%) | Campylobacter | 52 (3%) | Gastroenteritis | 43 (3%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 26 (4%) |
| Insect bite | 81 (2%) | Blastocystis | 51 (3%) | Campylobacter | 41 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 26 (4%) |
| Blastocystis | 79 (2%) | Gastroenteritis | 51 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 41 (3%) | P. vivax malaria | 18 (2%) |
| Northeast Asia (N = 654) | Australia/New Zealand, North America, Western Europe (N = 583) | Central America (N = 452) | Caribbean (N = 355) | ||||
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| Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
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| Acute unspecified diarrhea | 64 (10%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 44 (8%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 49 (11%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 33 (9%) |
| Acute bacterial diarrhea | 47 (7%) | Acute bronchitis | 25 (4%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 38 (8%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 31 (9%) |
| Viral syndrome, no rash | 47 (7%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 23 (4%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 35 (8%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 25 (7%) |
| Chronic unknown diarrhea | 36 (6%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 22 (4%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 33 (7%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 24 (7%) |
| Acute bronchitis | 31 (5%) | Influenza-like illness | 22 (4%) | Giardia | 23 (5%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 16 (5%) |
| Upper respiratory tract infection | 27 (4%) | Bacterial lobar pneumonia | 21 (4%) | Blastocystis | 21 (5%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 15 (4%) |
| Influenza-like illnesses | 26 (4%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 19 (3%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 21 (5%) | Insect bite | 14 (4%) |
| Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 22 (3%) | Campylobacter | 18 (3%) | Insect bite | 17 (4%) | Chikungunya virus infection | 13 (4%) |
| Dog bite | 21 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 18 (3%) | Gastroenteritis | 10 (2%) | Cutaneous larva migrans | 11 (3%) |
| Gastroenteritis | 15 (2%) | Acute sinusitis | 18 (3%) | Cutaneous leishmaniasis | 10 (2%) | Unspecified febrile illness | 9 (3%) |
| N Africa (N = 328) | Middle East (N = 265) | Oceania (N = 163) | Eastern Europe (N = 101) | ||||
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| Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
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| Acute unspecified diarrhea | 62 (19%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 30 (11%) | P. vivax malaria | 19 (12%) | Dog bite | 9 (9%) |
| Acute bacterial diarrhea | 25 (8%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 23 (9%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 13 (8%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 9 (9%) |
| Chronic unknown diarrhea | 19 (6%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 20 (8%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 12 (7%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 7 (7%) |
| Viral syndrome, no rash | 19 (6%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 17 (6%) | Chikungunya virus infection | 8 (5%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 7 (7%) |
| P. falciparum malaria | 15 (5%) | Campylobacter | 11 (4%) | Insect bite | 6 (4%) | Giardia | 6 (6%) |
| Giardia | 12 (4%) | Cutaneous leishmaniasis | 9 (3%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 6 (4%) | Campylobacter | 4 (4%) |
| Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 11 (3%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 9 (3%) | Skin and soft-tissue infection (secondary of existing lesion) | 6 (4%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 4 (4%) |
| Sub-Saharan Africa (N = 3799) | South Central Asia (N = 1569) | Southeast Asia (N = 1556) | South America (N = 742) | ||||
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| Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
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| Upper respiratory tract infection | 11 (3%) | Giardia | 8 (3%) | Gastroenteritis | 5 (3%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 3 (3%) |
| Blastocystis | 9 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 7 (3%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 5 (3%) | Non-septic arthritis | 2 (2%) |
| Unspecified febrile illness (<3 weeks) | 9 (3%) | Dog bite | 6 (2%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 4 (2%) | Tick bite | 2 (2%) |
a
Regions of exposure are based on modified United Nations’ world regions; we combined Australia, New Zealand, North America and Western Europe since each held high human development index and represented less frequent locations of illness acquisition.
b
124 patients excluded from table because regions of exposure were not ascertainable.