Table 3.
Sub-Saharan Africa (N = 3799) | South Central Asia (N = 1569) | Southeast Asia (N = 1556) | South America (N = 742) | ||||
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Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
P. falciparum malaria | 478 (13%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 224 (14%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 151 (10%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 69 (9%) |
Acute unspecified diarrhea | 328 (9%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 134 (9%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 105 (7%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 62 (8%) |
Viral syndrome, no rash | 306 (8%) | Giardia | 115 (7%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 96 (6%) | Insect bite | 36 (5%) |
Acute bacterial diarrhea | 201 (5%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 106 (7%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 91 (6%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 35 (5%) |
Chronic unknown diarrhea | 157 (4%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 102 (7%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 68 (4%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 34 (5%) |
Unspecified febrile illness (<3 weeks) | 145 (4%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 84 (5%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 65 (4%) | Giardia | 29 (4%) |
Giardia | 102 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 55 (4%) | P. vivax malaria | 44 (3%) | Blastocystis | 27 (4%) |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 97 (3%) | Campylobacter | 52 (3%) | Gastroenteritis | 43 (3%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 26 (4%) |
Insect bite | 81 (2%) | Blastocystis | 51 (3%) | Campylobacter | 41 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 26 (4%) |
Blastocystis | 79 (2%) | Gastroenteritis | 51 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 41 (3%) | P. vivax malaria | 18 (2%) |
Northeast Asia (N = 654) | Australia/New Zealand, North America, Western Europe (N = 583) | Central America (N = 452) | Caribbean (N = 355) | ||||
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Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
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Acute unspecified diarrhea | 64 (10%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 44 (8%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 49 (11%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 33 (9%) |
Acute bacterial diarrhea | 47 (7%) | Acute bronchitis | 25 (4%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 38 (8%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 31 (9%) |
Viral syndrome, no rash | 47 (7%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 23 (4%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 35 (8%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 25 (7%) |
Chronic unknown diarrhea | 36 (6%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 22 (4%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 33 (7%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 24 (7%) |
Acute bronchitis | 31 (5%) | Influenza-like illness | 22 (4%) | Giardia | 23 (5%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 16 (5%) |
Upper respiratory tract infection | 27 (4%) | Bacterial lobar pneumonia | 21 (4%) | Blastocystis | 21 (5%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 15 (4%) |
Influenza-like illnesses | 26 (4%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 19 (3%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 21 (5%) | Insect bite | 14 (4%) |
Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 22 (3%) | Campylobacter | 18 (3%) | Insect bite | 17 (4%) | Chikungunya virus infection | 13 (4%) |
Dog bite | 21 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 18 (3%) | Gastroenteritis | 10 (2%) | Cutaneous larva migrans | 11 (3%) |
Gastroenteritis | 15 (2%) | Acute sinusitis | 18 (3%) | Cutaneous leishmaniasis | 10 (2%) | Unspecified febrile illness | 9 (3%) |
N Africa (N = 328) | Middle East (N = 265) | Oceania (N = 163) | Eastern Europe (N = 101) | ||||
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Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
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Acute unspecified diarrhea | 62 (19%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 30 (11%) | P. vivax malaria | 19 (12%) | Dog bite | 9 (9%) |
Acute bacterial diarrhea | 25 (8%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 23 (9%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 13 (8%) | Acute unspecified diarrhea | 9 (9%) |
Chronic unknown diarrhea | 19 (6%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 20 (8%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 12 (7%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 7 (7%) |
Viral syndrome, no rash | 19 (6%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 17 (6%) | Chikungunya virus infection | 8 (5%) | Chronic unknown diarrhea | 7 (7%) |
P. falciparum malaria | 15 (5%) | Campylobacter | 11 (4%) | Insect bite | 6 (4%) | Giardia | 6 (6%) |
Giardia | 12 (4%) | Cutaneous leishmaniasis | 9 (3%) | Acute bacterial diarrhea | 6 (4%) | Campylobacter | 4 (4%) |
Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 11 (3%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 9 (3%) | Skin and soft-tissue infection (secondary of existing lesion) | 6 (4%) | Viral syndrome, no rash | 4 (4%) |
Sub-Saharan Africa (N = 3799) | South Central Asia (N = 1569) | Southeast Asia (N = 1556) | South America (N = 742) | ||||
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Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) | Diagnosis | N (%) |
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Upper respiratory tract infection | 11 (3%) | Giardia | 8 (3%) | Gastroenteritis | 5 (3%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 3 (3%) |
Blastocystis | 9 (3%) | Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome | 7 (3%) | Upper respiratory tract infection | 5 (3%) | Non-septic arthritis | 2 (2%) |
Unspecified febrile illness (<3 weeks) | 9 (3%) | Dog bite | 6 (2%) | Uncomplicated dengue | 4 (2%) | Tick bite | 2 (2%) |
Regions of exposure are based on modified United Nations’ world regions; we combined Australia, New Zealand, North America and Western Europe since each held high human development index and represented less frequent locations of illness acquisition.
124 patients excluded from table because regions of exposure were not ascertainable.