Table 2.
Clinical variables at presentation by race and case–control status
| Variables | Black cases (n=37) | Black controls (n=37) | White cases (n=19) | White controls (n=19) |
p-values
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Black cases versus black controls | White cases versus white controls | |||||
| Visual function metrics | ||||||
| Visual acuity (LogMAR), mean (SD), n | ||||||
| Better eye | 0.7 (0.9), 37 | 0.1 (0.1), 37 | 0.9 (0.9), 19 | 0.1 (0.2), 19 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Worse eye | 1.8 (1.2), 37 | 0.8 (1.1), 37 | 1.9 (1.2), 19 | 0.5 (0.6), 19 | <0.001 | 0.002 |
| Visual field (MD in dB), mean (SD), n | ||||||
| Better eye | −22 (9), 14 | −3 (3), 29 | −16 (10), 7 | −3 (3), 16 | <0.001 | 0.004 |
| Worse eye | −24 (9), 24 | −8 (7), 34 | −21 (11), 14 | −10 (8), 18 | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| IOP (mmHg), mean (SD), n | ||||||
| Right | 21 (10), 36 | 19 (6), 36 | 17 (6), 18 | 20 (6), 19 | 0.407 | 0.091 |
| Left | 22 (11), 35 | 20 (8), 36 | 17 (6), 15 | 19 (4), 19 | 0.384 | 0.497 |
| Cup-to-disc ratio, mean (SD), n | ||||||
| Right | 0.9 (0.1), 34 | 0.7 (0.2), 35 | 0.9 (0.1), 18 | 0.7 (0.2), 19 | <0.001 | 0.017 |
| Left | 0.9 (0.2), 32 | 0.8 (0.2), 36 | 0.8 (0.2), 15 | 0.7 (0.2), 19 | <0.001 | 0.090 |
| Ocular comorbidities | ||||||
| Diabetic retinopathy, n (%) | 4 (11) | 2 (5) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0.674 | 1.000 |
| Macular degeneration, n (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | 2 (11) | 1.000 | 1.000 |
| Uveitis, n (%) | 2 (5) | 1 (3) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0.674 | 1.000 |
| Other ocular diagnosis, n (%) | 15 (41) | 9 (24) | 14 (74) | 4 (21) | 0.214 | 0.003 |
| Glaucoma treatment history at presentation | ||||||
| No of glaucoma medications, mean (SD) | 2.5 (1.4) | 1.2 (1.2) | 2.7 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.1) | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| History of glaucoma surgery, n (%) | 14 (38) | 6 (16) | 10 (53) | 2 (11) | 0.089 | 0.013 |
| Glaucoma laser, n (%) | 18 (49) | 10 (27) | 6 (32) | 3 (16) | 0.093 | 0.447 |
| Alpha agonist, n (%) | 16 (43) | 7 (19) | 8 (42) | 2 (11) | 0.043 | 0.62 |
| Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, n (%) | 20 (54) | 8 (22) | 11 (58) | 2 (11) | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Beta-blocker, n (%) | 25 (68) | 10 (27) | 15 (79) | 8 (42) | 0.001 | 0.045 |
| Prostaglandin analogue, n (%) | 20 (54) | 16 (43) | 15 (79) | 8 (42) | 0.486 | 0.045 |
| Pilocarpine, n (%) | 11 (30) | 3 (8) | 2 (11) | 1 (5) | 0.035 | 1.000 |
Notes: Cases, patients who have gone blind from primary open-angle glaucoma; controls, patients with primary open-angle glaucoma who are not blind. The most common “other ocular diagnoses” were non-blinding corneal diseases and retinal vascular diseases.
Abbreviations: MD, mean deviation; dB, decibels; IOP, intraocular pressure.