Table 1.
Demographic and health characteristics of participants with cognitive impairment vs. normal cognition.
| Risk factors | Cognitive Impairment (n = 144) | Normal Cognition (n = 336) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic and behavioral features | |||
| Gender | <0.001 | ||
| Men | 41(28.5%) | 174(51.8%) | |
| Women | 103(71.5%) | 162(48.2%) | |
| Age (year) | 0.094 | ||
| ≤85 | 82(56.9%) | 223(66.4%) | |
| ≥86 | 59(43.1%) | 112(33.6%) | |
| Education | |||
| Elementary school or less | 106(73.6%) | 200(59.5%) | 0.001 |
| Middle school | 33(22.9%) | 91(27.1%) | |
| At least some high school | 5(3.5%) | 45(13.5%) | |
| Marital Status | <0.001 | ||
| Solitary | 107(74.3%) | 141(42.0%) | |
| Non-solitary | 37(25.7%) | 195(58.0%) | |
| Monthly income (Chinese yuan) | 0.001 | ||
| ≤2000 | 53(37.9%) | 85(27.6%) | |
| 2000–4000 | 82(58.6%) | 181(58.8%) | |
| >4000 | 5(3.5%) | 42(13.6%) | |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 0.002 | ||
| Normal (BMI <24) | 93(64.6%) | 173(51.5%) | |
| Overweight (BMI ≥24) | 41(35.4%) | 151(48.5%) | |
| Smoking | 0.334 | ||
| Never smoker | 122(84.7%) | 264(78.6%) | |
| Ever smoker | 14(9.7%) | 49(14.6%) | |
| Current smoker | 8(5.6%) | 23(6.8%) | |
| Drinking | 0.161 | ||
| Never drinker | 134(93.1%) | 293(87.2%) | |
| Ever drinker | 7(4.9%) | 27(8.0%) | |
| Current drinker | 3(2.0%) | 16(4.8%) | |
| Physical activity | 0.006 | ||
| <60 min per day | 85(59.0%) | 151(44.9%) | |
| ≥60 min per day | 59(41.0%) | 185(55.1%) | |
| Medical history | |||
| Hypertension | 70(48.6%) | 205(61.0%) | 0.016 |
| Diabetes | 26(18.1%) | 53(15.8%) | 0.502 |
| Dyslipidemia | 13(9.0%) | 49(14.6%) | 0.135 |
| Coronary heart disease | 28(19.4%) | 90(26.8%) | 0.105 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8(5.6%) | 11(3.6%) | 0.306 |
| Tumor | 2(1.4%) | 12(3.6%) | 0.314 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 2(1.4%) | 11(3.3%) | 0.314 |
| Other diseases | 13(7.1%) | 16(4.8%) | 0.246 |
| Medications | |||
| Antidiabetic | 23(16.0%) | 46(13.7%) | 0.514 |
| Antihypertensive | 60(41.7%) | 205(61.0%) | <0.001 |
| Lipid lowering drugs | 3(2.1%) | 32(9.5%) | 0.004 |
| Anticoagulation | 24(16.7%) | 78(23.5%) | 0.105 |
| Diuretics | 5(4.2%) | 17(5.1%) | 0.491 |
Categorical variables were presented as count and column percent.