Table 2.

Summary of post-hoc analysis performed using the Tukey honest significant difference test, performed when the results of the one-way ANOVA test (with Bonferroni adjustment for four time points α_adj. = 0.05/4 = 0.0125) for each time point was significant.

Parameter	Time (hrs)#	Group Comparisons
		PEEP - Sham			ZEEP - Sham			ZEEP - PEEP
		Δmean	95% C.I.	p-value	Δmean	95% C.I.	p-value	Δmean	95% C.I.	p-value
Lactate-to-Pyruvate Ratio	2.5	−0.014	−0.074, 0.046	0.814	0.107	0.029, 0.186	0.008*	0.122	0.043, 0.200	0.003*
	4	−0.005	−0.088, 0.076	0.921	0.208	0.134, 0.282	<0.001*	0.296	0.131, 0.296	<0.001*
Pulmonary Compliance	1	−0.020	−0.043, 0.003	0.097	−0.036	−0.059, −0.013	0.002*	−0.016	−0.039, 0.007	0.213
	2.5	0.003	−0.038, 0.045	0.944	−0.091	−0.133, −0.049	<0.001*	−0.094	−0.136, −0.052	<0.001*
	4	0.010	−0.029, 0.049	0.596	−0.096	−0.131, −0.061	<0.001*	−0.106	−0.145, −0.067	<0.001*

Initial two-way ANOVA of the average lactate-to-pyruvate ratio showed discrimination among groups (F_2,74 = 8.242, p < 0.001) and pyruvate injections (F_3,74 = 7.023, p < 0.001). The average lactate-to-pyruvate ratio was similar among groups both at healthy baseline (F_2,18 = 0.648, p = 0.535) and 1 hour after acid/saline instillation (F_2,18 = 0.514, p = 0.513), but was significantly different 2.5 hours (F_2,14 = 8.843, p = 0.003) and 4 hours (F_2,14 = 5.533, p < 0.001) after the instillation of acid/saline. The initial ANOVA of the pulmonary compliance (C_dyn) showed significant inter-group difference (F_2,74 = 16.56, p < 0.001). C_dyn was also significantly different among groups 1 hour (F_2,18 = 7.866, p = 0.003), 2.5 hours (F_2,18 = 16.1, p < 0.001) and 4 hours (F_2,18 = 20.8, p < 0.001) after acid/saline instillation. (^#Time from the instillation of acid/saline).