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. 2018 Feb 23;13(2):e0193343. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193343

Fig 1. DHA inhibits IL-6 expression stimulated by LPS or LPS plus PA.

Fig 1

A. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 100 μM of palmitic acid (PA), palmitoleic acid (POA), oleic acid (OA), linoleic acid (LA), or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the absence or presence of 1 ng/ml of LPS for 24 h. After treatment, IL-6 in culture medium was quantified using ELISA. + vs. #, p<0.01; # vs. *, p<0.01. B. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with both 1 ng/ml LPS and 100 μM of PA in the absence or presence of 100 μM of POA, OA, LA or DHA for 24 h. After treatment, IL-6 in culture medium was quantified using ELISA. # vs. *, p<0.01. C and D. RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with 1 ng/ml of LPS, 100 μM of PA or both 1 ng/ml LPS and 100 μM of PA in the absence or presence of different concentrations of DHA (C) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (D) for 24 h. After treatment, IL-6 in culture medium was quantified using ELISA. In panel C: ** vs. *, p<0.01; + vs. *, p<0.05; # vs. *, p<0.01; ++ vs. **, p<0.05; ## vs. **, p<0.01. In panel D: ** vs. *, p<0.01; + vs. *, p<0.05; # vs. **, p<0.01.