Table 1.
Subject characteristics (Mean ± SD or n (%)) for the BD and LD group.
| BD (n = 32) | LD (n = 32) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| % Female | 50% | 50% | nsa |
| % White/Not Hispanic or Latino | 68.8% | 71.9% | nsa |
| % Current undergraduate students | 46.9% | 43.8% | nsa |
| Age | 23.2 ± 3.3 | 23.4 ± 3.4 | ns |
| Age range | 18–30 | 18–29 | |
| Education years | 15.7 ± 2.1 | 16.0 ± 2.0 | nsb |
| Undergraduate GPA | 3.15 ± 0.48 | 3.44 ± 0.37 | .01 |
| BMI | 25.02 ± 4.05 | 22.97 ± 2.99 | .03 |
| Alcohol consumption | |||
| No. of drinking days per week/past 6 months | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 1.5 ± 0.7 | < .001 |
| No. of drinks per occasion/past 6 months | 5.5 ± 1.5 | 1.8 ± 0.8 | < .001 |
| No. of intoxicated occasions per month/past 6 months | 5.6 ± 4.6 | 2.0 ± 1.7 | < .001 |
| No. of binge episodes/past 6 months | 12.7 ± 8.1 | 0.09 ± 0.3 | < .001 |
| No. of alcohol-induced blackouts/past 6 months | 4.5 ± 3.6 | 0.03 ± 0.2 | < .001 |
| No. of heavy drinking days/past 30 days | 6.7 ± 5.4 | 0.4 ± 0.8 | < .001 |
| Max no. of drinks in 24 hrs/past 30 days | 10.2 ± 3.3 | 3.6 ± 2.1 | < .001 |
| Drinking-related variables | |||
| Age of drinking onset | 15.9 ± 1.4 | 18.5 ± 2.1 | < .001 |
| % Positive family history of alcoholism | 46.9% | 43.8% | nsa |
| Alcoholism symptoms (SMAST) | 3.13 ± 3.23 | 0.56 ± 0.88 | < .001 |
| No. of drinks needed for effects (SRE) | 5.60 ± 1.40 | 4.20 ± 1.52 | < .001b |
| Drinking motives (DMQ-R) | |||
| Enhancement | 2.25 ± 0.44 | 1.77 ± 0.52 | .001 |
| Social | 2.55 ± 0.44 | 2.11 ± 0.53 | .001 |
| Conformity | 1.41 ± 0.48 | 1.38 ± 0.41 | ns |
| Coping | 1.69 ± 0.58 | 1.25 ± 0.33 | .001 |
| Drinking consequences (B-YAACQ) | 10.58 ± 5.44 | 2.00 ± 1.92 | < .001 |
| Personality variables | |||
| Anxiety (GAD-7) | 4.26 ± 5.20 | 2.38 ± 3.21 | .07 |
| Depression (PHQ-9) | 4.58 ± 4.88 | 2.13 ± 2.03 | .05 |
| Impulsivity (ABIS) | |||
| Attention | 1.97 ± 0.47 | 1.89 ± 0.44 | ns |
| Motor | 2.15 ± 0.61 | 1.84 ± 0.47 | .04 |
| Non-Planning | 2.10 ± 0.72 | 1.74 ± 0.42 | .04 |
| Sensation seeking (BSSS) | |||
| Experience | 4.11 ± 0.94 | 3.92 ± 0.81 | ns |
| Boredom | 3.82 ± 0.81 | 3.48 ± 0.71 | ns |
| Thrill | 3.47 ± 1.13 | 3.53 ± 1.16 | ns |
| Disinhibition | 3.79 ± 0.81 | 2.63 ± 0.98 | < .001 |
| Personality (EPQ) | |||
| Neuroticism | 3.84 ± 3.43 | 3.44 ± 3.36 | ns |
| Psychoticism | 2.45 ± 2.06 | 2.28 ± 1.63 | ns |
| Extraversion | 9.61 ± 2.38 | 8.22 ± 3.50 | ns |
| Lie | 4.29 ± 2.48 | 4.75 ± 2.99 | ns |
| Cognitive battery | |||
| NIH-Toolbox Cognitive Tests (age- corrected Standard Scores) | |||
| Working Memory/List Sorting | 107.66 ± 13.01 | 104.01 ± 13.26 | nsb |
| Cognitive flexibility/DCCS | 104.74 ± 9.38 | 108.39 ± 8.05 | ns |
| Processing Speed/Pattern | 129.14 ± 14.35 | 132.71 ± 18.40 | nsb |
| Comparison | |||
| Episodic Memory/PSM | 113.89 ± 15.08 | 115.08 ± 12.72 | ns |
a
Chi-Square Test;
b
Independent Sample T-test; all other comparisons performed with the Mann-Whitney U test. ns: non-significant.