Figure 8.

SPC prevented wear particle‐induced peri‐prosthesis loosening by suppressing osteoclast activity via inhibition of NF‐κB signalling pathway. (A) TRAP staining was performed on specimens (n = 5) after 12 weeks treatment with SPC, and three sections per sample were used for analysis. TRAP positive osteoclasts (black arrows) are indicated by arrows. (B) The number of TRAP positive osteoclasts normalized with respect to the bone surface and the percentages of osteoclast surface per bone surface were measured. (C) Serum levels of CTX‐1 were quantified by ELISA. Values expressed are means ± SD; n = 10. *P < 0.05, significantly different from the control group. (D) Sections of specimens around the implants from each group (at 4weeks and 12 weeks) were stained with a specific antibody against active p65, and images were captured under light microscopy. (E) Active p65 positive cells (red arrows) in the trabecular bone and surrounding bone marrow were quantified. At least five sections per group were analysed. Values expressed are means ± SD; n = 5. *P < 0.05, significantly different as indicated.