Table 3. Relationships among socioeconomic status and fine self-rated health in women (n = 1,555): NIPPON DATA2010.
| SES | N | Prevalence of fine SRH | Crude OR (95% CI) |
Age-adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Model 1 | Model 2 |
| Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI) |
|||||
| Educational attainmenti | ||||||
| Elementary or junior high school | 366 | 213 (58%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| High school | 708 | 488 (69%) | 1.59 (1.23–2.07)*** | 1.23 (0.94–1.62) | 1.14 (0.86–1.53) | 1.02 (0.75–1.38) |
| University or junior college | 477 | 393 (82%) | 3.36 (2.45–4.60)*** | 1.95 (1.37–2.79)*** | 1.87 (1.29–2.70)*** | 1.65 (1.12–2.46)* |
| Marital/living status | ||||||
| Married | 1,100 | 803 (73%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Single, not living alone | 258 | 178 (69%) | 0.82 (0.61–1.11) | 0.86 (0.62–1.19) | 0.84 (0.60–1.18) | 0.84 (0.59–1.20) |
| Single, living alone | 197 | 114 (58%) | 0.51 (0.37–0.69)*** | 0.75 (0.53–1.05) | 0.70 (0.49–1.00)* | 0.77 (0.53–1.13) |
| Working status | ||||||
| Working | 672 | 522 (78%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Not working, including housemaking exclusively | 883 | 573 (65%) | 0.53 (0.42–0.67)*** | 0.80 (0.62–1.04) | 0.81 (0.62–1.07) | 0.76 (0.57–1.01) |
| Yearly household income, million JPYa | ||||||
| Less than 2 | 296 | 165 (56%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2 through 6 | 794 | 568 (72%) | 1.85 (1.39–2.47)*** | 1.66 (1.24–2.23)*** | 1.70 (1.25–2.32)*** | 1.53 (1.09–2.14)* |
| Greater than 6 | 294 | 240 (82%) | 3.13 (2.10–4.64)*** | 2.34 (1.55–3.54)*** | 2.39 (1.55–3.69)*** | 2.15 (1.34–3.46)** |
| Invalid response | 171 | 122 (71%) | 1.78 (1.17–2.71)** | 1.71 (1.12–2.63)* | 1.94 (1.24–3.04)** | 2.19 (1.36–3.53)** |
| Equivalent monthly household expenditureb,ii | ||||||
| 1st quintile (Lowest) | 278 | 175 (63%) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 2nd quintile | 281 | 197 (70%) | 1.39 (0.97–1.98) | 1.26 (0.88–1.82) | 1.40 (0.95–2.06) | |
| 3rd quintile | 320 | 226 (71%) | 1.42 (1.01–2.00)* | 1.25 (0.87–1.79) | 1.30 (0.89–1.90) | |
| 4th quintile | 289 | 217 (75%) | 1.78 (1.24–2.55)** | 1.57 (1.08–2.29)* | 1.74 (1.18–2.59)** | |
| 5th quintile (Highest) | 304 | 224 (74%) | 1.64 (1.16–2.34)** | 1.48 (1.03–2.14)* | 1.80 (1.22–2.65)** | |
CI, confidence interval; OR, odds ratio; SES, socioeconomic status; SRH, self-rated health.
P value: *<0.05, **<0.01, ***<0.001.
ORs were calculated using multiple logistic regression analyses, adjusted for age, having any subjective symptoms, and visiting a doctor in Model 1 and additionally adjusted for monthly equivalent household expenditure and living in their own house in Model 2.
aThe square root-transformed number of household members was adjusted.
bLiving in their own house was adjusted.
Number of missing responses: i = 4; ii = 83.