Table 1. Characteristics of study participants: NIPPON DATA2010.

		All participants (N = 2,467)
Age, years		58.3 (15.7)
Sex, women, n		1,438 (58.3%)
Regular exercise,a n		831 (33.8%)
Smoking	Current smoker, n	381 (15.5%)
	Ex-smoker, n	460 (18.7%)
Alcohol consumption, g/week		72.1 (133.7)
Body mass index, kg/m2		23.1 (3.4)
Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg		132.1 (19.4)
Diastolic blood pressure, mm Hg		79.4 (11.1)
HbA1c (NGSP), %		5.8 (0.8)
Total cholesterol, mg/dL		206.3 (35.1)
HDL cholesterol, mg/dL		62.6 (16.0)
Hypertension,b n		1,158 (46.9%)
Diabetes mellitus,c n		254 (10.3%)
Hypercholesterolemia,d n		1,030 (41.8%)
Low HDL cholesterol,e n		181 (7.3%)

HDL, high-density lipoprotein; NGSP, National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program; NIPPON DATA2010, the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Non-communicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged 2010.

Data is shown as mean (standard deviation [SD]) or n (%).

^aDefined as participants who engaged in exercise of ≥30 minutes for ≥2 days a week for more than one year.

^bDefined as participants who meet one of the following criteria:
(i) Systolic blood pressure/diastolic blood pressure of ≥140 mm Hg/≥90 mm Hg;
(ii) Antihypertensive medication.

^cDefined as participants who meet one of the following criteria:
(i) Fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL;
(ii) Non-fasting plasma glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL;
(iii) Hemoglobin A1c ≥6.5%;
(iv) Antidiabetic medication.

^dDefined as participants who meet one of the following criteria:
(i) Total cholesterol ≥220 mg/dL;
(ii) Lipid-lowering medication.

^eDefined as participants who meet the following criterion:
(i) High-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40 mg/dL.