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. 2018 Feb 20;6:2050312118759444. doi: 10.1177/2050312118759444

Table 3.

In Cardiovascular Health Study participants, estimates of difference in cost between pre-event year and follow-up year for participants diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) compared with matched referents free of AF.

Exposure Adjustment No. of AF cases/referents Estimate of difference in cost (US$) 95% Confidence interval (US$) p-value
AF, 1993–2009 Model 1a 513/513 18,060 14,965–21,155 <0.0001
Model 2b 513/513 19,070 15,236–22,904 <0.0001
AF, 1999–2009 Model 2b 151/151 25,340 17,472–33,207 <0.0001
a

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and baseline body mass index, smoking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ischemic heart disease (angina, unstable angina, myocardial infarction), peripheral vascular disease, heart failure, stroke, transient ischemic attack, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, dementia, any cancer, pacemaker/automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD), and valve replacement.

b

Model 2: Adjusted for the same characteristics as in Model 1, except that all characteristics were updated to the most recent measure available at the time of AF diagnosis or matching.