Table 1.

Exosomal-mediated phenotypes associate with cancer progression.

Process	Exosomal factor	Effect	References
TUMOR-DERIVED EXOSOMAL FACTORS
Cancer progression and metastasis	TGF-β	Differentiation of fibroblast into CAF	Webber et al., 2010, 2015
	miR-100, −21, −139	ECM remodeling and modulation of cell migration	Sanchez et al., 2016
	TGF-β2, TNF 1α, IL-6, TSG101, Akt, ILK1, β-Catenin	Activation of prostate CAF by promotion of EMT, stemness and angiogenesis	Giannoni et al., 2010; Fiaschi et al., 2013; Ramteke et al., 2015
	Neuroblast Differenciation-Associated protein (AHNAK)	Differentiation of fibroblast into CAF	Silva et al., 2016
Metabolic Environment	miR-122	Suppression of glucose uptake	Fong et al., 2015
Establishment of Pre-metastatic niches	hTERT mRNA	Increased fibroblast proliferation and lifespan	Gutkin et al., 2016
	CD151, Tetraspanin 8	Fibrosis and ECM remodeling	Yue et al., 2015
	Integrin α6β1, α6β4	Lung-pre-metastatic niche formation mediated by S100A4, A6, A10, A11, A13, and A16	Hoshino et al., 2015
FIBROBLAST-DERIVED EXOSOMAL FACTORS
Cancer progression and/or metastasis	EphA2	Induction of proliferation	Takasugi et al., 2017
	Wnt10b	Induction of breast cancer metastasis to liver	Chen et al., 2017
	miR-21, −278e, and −143	Activation of EMT in breast cancer	Donnarumma et al., 2017
	miR-33a, −326	Influence in tumor cell adhesion, endocytosis and cell-cell junction	Nouraee et al., 2016
Metabolic Switch	miRNA- 302d, −29b, −22, −155, −25, −29a, −23a, −21, −16, −222, −24, −199a, −125b, −144	Down-regulation of genes related to OXPHOS by CAF exosomes	Zhao et al., 2016
	Lactate, Acetate, Citrate, Pyruvate, α-Ketoglutarate, Fumarate, Malate, aminoacids such as Gln, Arg, Glu, Pro, Ala, Thr, Ser, Asn, Val, Leu, Phe, Ile, Gly, or lipids such as Stearate and Palmitate	Modulation of glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle, lipid and protein synthesis by CAF exosomes	Zhao et al., 2016
Chemoresistance	miR-146a, Snail	Induction of CAF chemoresistance	Richards et al., 2017