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. 2018 Feb 20;9:313. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00313

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition alters cytokine balance in macrophages toward a pro-inflammatory phenotype upon Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from C57BL/6 mice were pretreated with DMSO as control or with rapamycin (100 nM) during 90 min. After pretreatment, BMDM uninfected or infected with T. cruzi trypomastigotes (1:5, cell:parasite ratio) were cultured at different times. At 12, 18, and 24 h postinfection, supernatants were collected and processed to determine the IL-10 (A), IL-12p70 (B), IL-6 (C), TNFα (D), and IL-1β (E) production by ELISA Sandwich. Besides, supernatants from BMDM stimulated with IL-4 (80 ng/mL), or with LPS (1 µg/mL) + IFNγ (100 ng/mL), or with LPS (1 µg/mL) + ATP (5 mM) during 24 h were used as positive controls. Bars panels represent mean ± SD from three independent assays (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.005, and ***p < 0.001 vs. DMSO).