Table 1.

Demographic, neuropsychological, and clinical characteristics of the participants.

	PI (n = 36)	HCs (n = 38)	P value
Age (years)	38.67 ± 9.53	37.79 ± 9.92	0.699
Gender (M/F)	12/24	12/26	0.872
Education (years)	10.06 ± 3.81	11.66 ± 3.20	0.054
PSQI	11.75 ± 3.78	1.68 ± 1.90	<0.001
ISI	17.28 ± 6.70	1.39 ± 2.40	<0.001
SAS	53.97 ± 10.12	42.45 ± 6.39	<0.001
SDS	52.92 ± 9.25	39.55 ± 10.58	<0.001
ESS	11.00 ± 4.63	–	–
Duration (months)	28.61 ± 43.58	–	–

PI, primary insomnia; HCs, healthy controls; M, male; F, female; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; ISI, Insomnia Severity Index; SAS, Self-rating Anxiety Scale; SDS, Self-rating Depression Scale; ESS, Epworth Sleepiness Scale.