Table 2.

Common genetic variants associated with increased susceptibility to Candida infections.

Affected gene	Polymorphism	Type of infection	Immune defects	References
Dectin-1	Y238X	Recurrent vulvovaginal infections and oral/gastrointestinal colonization	Lack of β-glucan recognition, lower production of Candida induced TNFα, IL-6 and IL-17	[60,61]
	I223S	Oropharyngeal candidiasis	Reduced zymosan-binding capacity and IFN-γ production	[104]
TLR1	R80T N248S S602I	Candidemia	Impaired production of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced through TLR1-2 heterodimers	[82]
TLR3	L412F	CMC	Defective TLR3 signaling	[68]
IL-12B	–2724INS/DEL	Persistent candidemia	Lower production of IFN-γ induced by Candida	[87]
IL-10	–1082A/G	Persistent candidemia	Higher production of IL-10 induced by Candida	[87]
MBL2	Codon 54 and 57	Candidemia, abdominal Candida infection, recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis	Lower MBL serum levels	[95, 98–100]
IL-4	–589T/C	Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis	Increased levels of vaginal IL-4 and reduced levels of nitric oxide and MBL	[113]
	–1098T/G –589C/T –33C/T	Chronic disseminated candidiasis	Unknown	[114]
NLRP3	Length polymorphism	Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis	Impaired production of IL-1β	[55]
DEFB1	–44C/G	C. albicans carriage	Unknown	[86]