Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Healthy Comparison Subjects and Probands as a Function of Biotype
| Percent Female | Healthy (N=50) | Biotype-1 (N=20) | Biotype-2 (N=30) | Biotype-3 (N=55) | Significance Test | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 56 | 70 | 53 | 44 | χ2(3)=4.44, p=.22 | |||||
| Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | ||
| Age | 37.9 | 12.2 | 31.8 | 13.9 | 32.3 | 12.2 | 35.5 | 13.4 | F(3,151)=1.75, p=.16 |
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| Trials accepted | |||||||||
| Prosaccades | 47.6 | 4.4 | 48.2 | 2.7 | 48.1 | 2.8 | 47.3 | 3.5 | F(3,151)=0.43, p=.73 |
| Antisaccades | 48.0 | 3.4 | 48.2 | 2.5 | 48.1 | 2.7 | 47.1 | 5.5 | F(3,151)=0.74, p=.53 |
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| Percent Correct | |||||||||
| Prosaccades | 97.2 | 3.2 | 94.1 | 6.0 | 94.6 | 6.1 | 95.8 | 4.5 | F(3,151)=3.0, p=.03 |
| Antisaccades | 90.7 | 6.3 | 77.4 | 12.2 | 86.1 | 11.7 | 83.6 | 11.1 | F(3,151)=9.30, p=.00001 |
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| Response Latency (ms)a | |||||||||
| Correct Prosaccades | 376.7 | 55.0 | 379.8 | 85.4 | 365.3 | 76.9 | 366.3 | 70.8 | F(3,151)=0.37, p=.78 |
| Correct Antisaccades | 415.1 | 73.5 | 455.7 | 103.5 | 437.4 | 91.2 | 428.6 | 84.0 | F(3,151)=1.20, p=.31 |
| Incorrect Antisaccades | 352.2 | 102.9 | 331.3 | 75.0 | 350.4 | 132.1 | 361.2 | 89.0 | F(3,145)=0.42, p=.74 |
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| GAFb | 84.56 | 5.4 | 43.6 | 8.2 | 49.5 | 11.3 | 53.7 | 13.7 | F(2,102)=5.26, p=.007 |
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| BACS | −0.05 | 1.2 | −2.6 | 0.7 | −1.8 | 1.0 | −0.3 | 0.8 | F(2,99)=65.3, p=8E-19 |
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| Birchwood Social Functioning Scale | 163.0 | 18.9 | 126.6 | 23.8 | 130.1 | 18.8 | 133.7 | 23.2 | F(2,77)=0.59, p=.56 |
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| PANSS-positive | – | – | 19.0 | 7.8 | 15.6 | 4.8 | 15.7 | 5.0 | F(2,101)=2.84, p=.06 |
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| PANSS-negative | – | – | 20.3 | 7.8 | 15.3 | 5.3 | 15.7 | 6.0 | F(2,101)=4.53, p=.01 |
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| PANSS-general | – | – | 38.3 | 10.4 | 33.4 | 7.8 | 34.3 | 8.0 | F(2,101)=2.19, p=.12 |
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| MADRS | – | – | 14.8 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 8.6 | 10.1 | 8.5 | F(2,101)=2.25, p=.11 |
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| Young Mania Scale | – | – | 7.3 | 6.5 | 5.9 | 5.2 | 6.3 | 6.6 | F(2,102)=0.28, p=.75 |
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| Medication Class | |||||||||
| Antipsychotic first generation | 0.0% | 15.0% | 10.0% | 5.5% | χ2(2)=1.82, p=.40 | ||||
| Antipsychotic second generation | 0.0% | 75.0% | 73.3% | 61.8% | χ2(2)=1.79, p=.41 | ||||
| Mood stabilizer | 0.0% | 50.0% | 46.7% | 47.3% | χ2(2)=0.06, p=.97 | ||||
| Lithium | 0.0% | 5.0% | 20.0% | 16.4% | χ2(2)=2.20, p=.33 | ||||
| Antidepressant | 2.0% | 45.0% | 40.0% | 43.6% | χ2(2)=0.15, p=.93 | ||||
| Sedative/anxiolytic | 2.0% | 30.0% | 23.3% | 25.5% | χ2(2)=0.28, p=.87 | ||||
| Stimulant | 0.0% | 5.0% | 3.3% | 14.5% | χ2(2)=3.42, p=.18 | ||||
| Anticholinergic | 0.0% | 10.0% | 6.7% | 7.3% | χ2(2)=0.21, p=.90 | ||||
GAF, Global Assessment of Functioning; PANSS, Positive and Negative Symptom Scale; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; BACS, Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia.
a
Only 40% of participants made any incorrect responses during prosaccade trials.
b
Healthy subjects were excluded from comparisons of clinical characteristics and medication status.