Table 2.

Overview of the literature on the relation between diet and male fertility

	What is the bottom line?	What are the gaps in the evidence?	I want to read more but do not have much time.
Antioxidant supplements	Supplementing men in couples undergoing ART with antioxidants may increase live birth rates	Based on the current literature, it is not possible to say, what antioxidants (or combinations) or at what doses are responsible for this benefit.	Ref 154
Diet patterns	“Healthy” diets have been consistently related to better semen quality across a wide range of populations. “Unhealthy” diets have consistently had the opposite relation	Definitions of healthy and unhealthy diets change slightly from study to study. No randomized trials to date. Effect on semen quality does not imply effect on couple fertility.	Ref 155
Dietary fats	Intake of saturated and trans fats has consistently been related to lower semen quality and other markers of poor testicular function.	No randomized trials to date. Effect on semen quality does not imply effect on couple fertility.	Ref 159, 161, 163
Alcohol, caffeine	Alcohol and caffeine do not have an important impact on semen quality within usual ranges of intake. The exception is alcohol intake at levels associated with liver disease.	Effect on semen quality does not imply effect on couple fertility.	Ref 157