Table 2.

Descriptive statistics and scaling parameters of the vertically scaled scores, along with descriptive statistics of the common items.

Age	Common Items		Vertically Scaled Scores		Scaling Parameters
	M	SD	M	SD	A	B
14	6.398	4.897	0.000	1.000	–	–
15	6.885	5.437	0.032	1.066	1.091	0.017
16	6.673	5.209	0.014	1.012	0.925	-0.003
17	6.326	5.284	-0.079	1.046	1.064	-0.113
19	6.123	4.954	-0.133	1.004	0.950	-0.043
20	6.119	5.164	-0.134	1.035	1.048	-0.012
21	6.181	5.243	-0.115	1.045	1.001	0.021
22	6.384	5.252	-0.052	1.019	0.960	0.070
23	6.344	5.313	-0.077	1.064	1.068	-0.039
24	6.772	5.606	-0.025	1.115	1.057	0.041

Note: The vertically scaled scores are rescaled to be on the reference scale of the YSR at age 14. The scaling parameters are calculated in reference to the previous year. For example, the age 16 scaling parameters reflect the scaling parameters to link age 16 to age 15. To link age 16 to the reference scale at age 14, however, a process of linking and chaining is necessary (linking age 16 to age 15 using the age 16 scaling parameters, and then chaining them to age 14 by linking age 15 to age 14 using the age 15 scaling parameters). For instance, trait level scores at age 15 were rescaled to the scale at age 14 by multiplying the age 15 trait level scores by 1.091 and adding 0.017. Trait level scores at age 16 were rescaled to the scale at age 14 by first multiplying the age 16 trait level scores by 0.925 and subtracting 0.003 to put them on the age 15 scale, and then multiplying the new scores by 1.091 and adding 0.017 to put them on the age 14 scale.