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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Mar 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Pediatr. 2017 Dec 11;194:13–21. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.10.031

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Diagrammatic representation of primary language areas on anatomical T2-weighted FLAIR MRI and 3D reconstruction images (110), highlighting left temporal lobe (Wernicke’s area in posterior temporal region, vertical arrows/dotted hatching), frontal lobe (Broca’s area in middle frontal region, horizontal arrows/diagonal hatching), and the white matter (arcuate fasciculus, gradient shading) that connects these regions. Historically, language has been conceptualized as a lateralized function, with dominance typically in the left hemisphere. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies confirm that language is a left-hemispheric dominant process in the vast majority of healthy adults (111), but also that language requires input from distributed networks, including homologous right hemispheric regions.