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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Biomed Mater Res A. 2017 Dec 4;106(4):971–984. doi: 10.1002/jbm.a.36293

Figure 1. Fabrication of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) containing layers of chitosan and heparin on tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) for cell attachment and growth factor delivery.

Figure 1

(A) Chemical structures of the chitosan (left) and heparin (right) used to assemble PEMs. (B) Process steps for first fabricating PEMs on TCPS (top row). The PEM-adsorbed TCPS plates are then sterilized using 70% vol/vol ethanol (EtOH) prior to modifying the PEMs with a growth factor such as transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins such as collagen, fibronectin, or Matrigel (bottom row).