Table 3.

Comparative risks of ESRD and mortality by sex in multivariable adjusted models

Covariates	Model 1* HR (95% CI)	Model 2** HR (95% CI)	Model 3+ HR (95% CI)
	Outcome: ESRD
Sex (ref=female)
Male	1.06 (0.76–1.46)	1.05 (0.76–1.45)
Age	1.00 (0.99–1.00)	1.00 (0.99–1.00)
Race (ref=white)
Black	1.35 (1.01–1.80)	1.37 (1.02–1.84)
Hispanic	0.97 (0.67–1.39)	0.97 (0.68–1.40)
Asian	0.75 (0.42–1.35)	0.75 (0.42–1.35)
AI/AN	1.85 (0.83–4.11)	1.86 (0.84–4.15)
Median household income (ref=highest quartile)
Quartile 1 (lowest)		1.09 (0.82–1.45)
Quartile 2		0.93 (0.69–1.26)
Quartile 3		1.04 (0.77–1.40)
SLE risk adjustment index
	Outcome: Mortality
Sex (ref=female)
Male	0.95 (0.57–1.59)	0.97 (0.58–1.62)	0.81 (0.47–1.35)
Age	1.04 (1.03–1.05)	1.03 (1.02–1.04)	1.02 (1.01–1.03)
Race (ref=white)
Black	1.13 (0.78–1.63)	1.03 (0.71–1.50)	1.09 (0.74–1.60)
Hispanic	0.50 (0.28–0.89)	0.47 (0.26–0.85)	0.50 (0.28–0.91)
Asian	0.75 (0.33–1.67)	0.77 (0.34–1.74)	0.86 (0.38–1.94)
AI/AN	1.84 (0.66–5.16)	1.56 (0.55–4.41)	1.84 (0.65–5.24)
Median household income (ref=highest quartile)
Quartile 1 (lowest)		1.56 (1.02–2.36)	1.51 (0.99–2.30)
Quartile 2		1.26 (0.82–1.93)	1.29 (0.84–1.98)
Quartile 3		1.03 (0.66–1.62)	1.07 (0.68–1.68)
SLE risk adjustment index			1.14 (1.10–1.19)

^*Model 1 adjusted by age, race/ethnicity and calendar year of index date

^**Model 2 adjusted by age, race/ethnicity, year and median household income (zip code-level) in quartiles

⁺Model 3 adjusted by age, race/ethnicity, year, median household income (zip code-level) and SLE-specific risk adjustment index [Not performed for ESRD as the risk adjustment index includes renal severity measures]

Bolded values indicate p<0.05, AI/AN=American Indian/Alaska Native

ESRD models account for the competing risk of death and hazard ratios (HR) represent subdistribution hazard ratios from Fine and Gray proportional hazard models