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. 2018 Feb 26;8:3646. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21776-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effects of exercise on bone quality in zebrafish. Schematic depiction of the sum of effects induced by musculoskeletal loading of zebrafish following the swim tunnel experiment. Zebrafish from the exercise group (bottom) were subjected to higher muscular forces that translated into a higher load on zebrafish bone. Higher forces acted as a stimulant for osteoblast activity, which led to an increase of bone formation and mineralization. As a result, exercised zebrafish displayed higher bone mass with a higher degree of bone mineralization when compared to the control group. In humans, increased physical activity^45,46 and higher bone mineralization is positively correlated with improved bone quality¹⁶. The results obtained from zebrafish exercise experiments provide therefore deeper insight into the complex mechanisms governing mechanical sensitivity of bone and the pathways that control bone formation and mineralization, thus affecting bone quality.