Table 1.

Genes associated with fermentation-related processes that exhibit CN variation among Saccharomyces cerevisiae wine strains.

Process (organized alphabetically)	Gene	Primarily duplicated, deleted, or both	References (organized by publication date)
Amino acid and nitrogen utilization	VBA3, VBA5, PUT1	Duplicated	Ibáñez et al., 2014; Gallone et al., 2016
Cu and Fe homeostasis	CUP1, CUP2	Both	Fay et al., 2004; Warringer et al., 2011; Almeida et al., 2015; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
	FIT2, FIT3, FRE3	Duplicated	Gallone et al., 2016
Ethanol resistance and production	PDR18		Gallone et al., 2016
	ADH7	Both	Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
Flocculation	FLO11	Duplicated	Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
	FLO1, FLO5, FLO9, FLO10	Both	Gallone et al., 2016; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
Hexose transport	HXT1, HXT4, HXT6, HXT7, HXT16	Duplicated	Gallone et al., 2016; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
	HXT9, HXT11	Deleted	Gallone et al., 2016; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
	HXT13, HXT15, HXT17	Both	Gallone et al., 2016; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
Maltose metabolism	MAL3x, MPH3, YPR196W	Duplicated	Gallone et al., 2016; Gonçalves et al., 2016; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
	MAL1x, IMA2, IMA4, IMA5	Deleted	Gallone et al., 2016; Gonçalves et al., 2016; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
	MPH2, IMA1, IMA3	Both	Gallone et al., 2016; Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
Thiamine metabolism	THI13	Duplicated	Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017
	THI5, THI12	Deleted	Steenwyk and Rokas, 2017