Table 2.
Screening performance characteristics of different clinical signs for diagnosis of meningitis in emergency department
| Characteristics | Neck Stiffness | Kernig | Brudzinski | JAH |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| True positive | 29 | 25 | 24 | 38 |
| False positive | 22 | 8 | 7 | 26 |
| True negative | 53 | 67 | 68 | 49 |
| False negative | 16 | 20 | 21 | 7 |
| Sensitivity | 64.4 (48.7-77.7) | 55.5 (40.1-70.0) | 53.3 (38.0-68.1) | 84.4 (69.9-93.0) |
| Specificity | 70.6 (58.8-80.3) | 89.3 (79.5-94.9) | 90.6 (81.1-95.8) | 65.3 (53.4-75.7) |
| PPV | 56.8 (42.3-70.3) | 75.7 (57.4-88.3) | 77.4 (58.5-89.7) | 59.3 (46.4-71.2) |
| NPV | 76.8 (64.8-85.7) | 77.0 (66.5-85.1) | 76.4 (66.0-84.5) | 87.5 (75.3-94.4) |
| PLR | 1.3 (0.88-0.95) | 3.12 (1.65-5.88) | 3.42 (1.73-6.76) | 1.46 (1.02-2.09) |
| NLR | 0.30 (0.19-0.46) | 0.29 (0.20-0.44) | 0.30 (0.21-0.45) | 0.14 (0.07-0.28) |
| J point | 0.35 | 0.45 | 0.44 | 0.41 |
JAH: Jolt accentuation of headache. PPV: Positive predictive value, NPV: Negative predictive value, PLR: Positive likelihood ration, NLR: Negative likelihood ratio.