Table 1. Characteristics of participants by coronary artery calcium score (n = 1384).
| Variable | Category | Coronary calcium score (AU) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0 (n = 545) | 1–100 (n = 364) | 101–400 (n = 266) | > 400 (n = 209) | P | ||
| Age, year | 54.9 ± 412.0 | 61.1 ± 10 | 63.9 ± 10.2 | 63.3 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 | |
| Sex, n (%) | Male | 259 (48%) | 212 (58%) | 144 (54%) | 145 (69%) | < 0.001 |
| Female | 286 (52%) | 152 (42%) | 122 (46%) | 64 (31%) | ||
| Current smoker, n (%) | 213 (39%) | 172 (47%) | 130 (49%) | 119 (57%) | < 0.001 | |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 456 (84%) | 307 (84%) | 229 (86%) | 184 (88%) | 0.451 | |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 153 (28%) | 150 (41%) | 139 (52%) | 119 (57%) | < 0.001 | |
| End-stage renal disease, n (%) | 84 (15%) | 47 (13%) | 34 (13%) | 58 (28%) | < 0.001 | |
| Kidney transplantation, n (%) | 36 (7%) | 19 (5%) | 19 (7%) | 30 (14%) | 0.001 | |
| Exercise, MET minute/week | 1928.6 ± 2493.9 | 2224.2 ± 3211.8 | 1887.0 ± 2747.6 | 1535.5 ± 2155.1 | 0.032 | |
| Depression, n (%) | 34 (6%) | 27 (7%) | 24 (9%) | 24 (11%) | 0.096 | |
| Statin use, n (%) | 235 (43%) | 188 (52%) | 154 (58%) | 119 (57%) | < 0.001 | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 25.0 ± 3.8 | 25.5 ± 3.6 | 25.3 ± 3.4 | 24.8 ± 3.9 | 0.079 | |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 123.7 ± 14.8 | 129.1 ± 16.4 | 130.7 ± 18.1 | 132.2 ± 21.8 | < 0.001 | |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 76.8 ± 10.3 | 77.2 ± 10.4 | 74.3 ± 9.5 | 73.9 ± 10.1 | < 0.001 | |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 179.7 ± 35.3 | 172.9 ± 35.7 | 166.5 ± 35.9 | 162.7 ± 34.5 | < 0.001 | |
| HDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 50.9 ± 13.2 | 48.0 ± 12.5 | 48.5 ± 22 | 45.6 ± 11.9 | < 0.001 | |
| LDL-cholesterol, mg/dL | 101.0 ± 30.5 | 95.1 ± 28.8 | 90.1 ± 27.6 | 86.6 ± 27.9 | < 0.001 | |
| Triglyceride, mg/dL | 133.7 ± 71.5 | 140.8 ± 76.9 | 144.7 ± 104.7 | 142.3 ± 83.5 | 0.251 | |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dL | 107.2 ± 28.5 | 112.6 ± 29.6 | 116.5 ± 31 | 120.7 ± 41.4 | < 0.001 | |
| Estimated GFR, ml/min/1.73 m2 | 68.4 ± 36.1 | 66.2 ± 33.6 | 64.2 ± 30.9 | 53.0 ± 32.5 | < 0.001 | |
| Education, n (%) | ≤Middle school | 132 (24%) | 111 (30%) | 94 (35%) | 71 (34%) | |
| High school | 192 (35%) | 110 (30%) | 82 (31%) | 71 (34%) | 0.013 | |
| ≥College | 221 (41%) | 143 (39%) | 90 (34%) | 67 (32%) | ||
| Household income, n (%) | < US$3000 | 64 (12%) | 50 (14%) | 52 (20%) | 37 (18%) | |
| US$3001–6000 | 140 (26%) | 75 (21%) | 66 (25%) | 39 (19%) | 0.013 | |
| ≥US$6000 | 122 (22%) | 94 (26%) | 46 (17%) | 40 (19%) | ||
| DK or refusal | 219 (40%) | 145 (40%) | 102 (38%) | 93 (44%) | ||
| Current worker, n (%) | 298 (55%) | 180 (49%) | 104 (39%) | 93 (44%) | < 0.001 | |
| Married, n (%) | 432 (79%) | 304 (84%) | 220 (83%) | 155 (74%) | 0.034 | |
| Number of household members | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.2 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | 1.0 ± 1.2 | < 0.001 | |
| Network size | 2.2 ± 1.4 | 2.0 ± 1.4 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 | |
| Only-family networks, n (%) | 283 (52%) | 214 (59%) | 180 (68%) | 154 (74%) | < 0.001 | |
| No-cutpoint networks, n (%) | 332 (61%) | 242 (66%) | 198 (74%) | 173 (83%) | < 0.001 | |
Data are presented as mean (SD) for continuous variables or n (%) for categorical variables. The p-values are from ANOVA tests for continuous variables or chi-square tests for categorical variables.
AU, Agatston unit; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; DK, do not know.