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. 2018 Feb 19;9:250. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00250

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Copyright © 2018 Ezzelarab, Lu, Shufesky, Morelli and Thomson.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen (Ag) 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) expression by graft-infiltrating CD4⁺ T cells in rhesus renal allografts 1 month after transplantation. CTLA4 (CD152) and PD1 (CD279) expression was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Graft tissue from one monkey (M143) with no regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg) infusion at the time of graft rejection (post-operative day 28; POD 28) is shown. Tissue from a graft recipient given DCreg infusion (M148) was obtained by open kidney graft biopsy, also on POD 28. Co-localization of CTLA4 (green) or PD1 (blue) with CD4⁺ T cells (red) is shown (white arrows). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Slides were examined with a Nikon Eclipse E800 microscope equipped with a CCD camera (Nikon).