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. 2018 Feb 26;9:843. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-03223-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Excitatory preBötC neurons have a limited ability to generate rapid breathing in vivo. a, b Representative hypoglossal (XII) nerve activity during a continuous 10 s stimulation of the preBötC in Dbx1-ChR2, Vglut2-ChR2, and Cre- control mice with the vagus intact (a) and following vagotomy (b). c, d Average XII nerve burst frequency and amplitude (1 s bins) during continuous light stimulation with the vagus intact (c) (Dbx1, n = 11; Vglut2, n = 10; Cre−, n = 10) and following vagotomy (d) (Dbx1, n = 10; Vglut2, n = 10; Cre−, n = 8; means ± s.e.m.). e, f Average changes in inspiratory and expiratory time (Ti and Te, respectively) during continuous stimulation in vagus-intact (e) and vagotomized (f) mice demonstrating that changes in breathing frequency are primarily the result of reduced Te (mean ± s.e.m.; two-way ANOVA and Bonferonni’s multiple comparisons test; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001)