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. 2018 Feb 26;8:3643. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22033-1

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Ranolazine effects on late I_Na. Panels A,B show normalized current traces, with emphasis on the non-inactivating, late I_Na, at 34 °C. The normalized late I_Na in E1784K is enhanced drastically by elevated temperature. Cytosolic calcium suppresses the E1784K normalized late I_Na (addressed in discussions). Ranolazine suppresses late I_Na only at 0 nM compared to 2500 nM cytosolic calcium. Panels C,D show the late I_Na percent and density bar graphs for all conditions at 22 °C and 34 °C, respectively.