Table 1.
Antimicrobial resistance phenotypesa and genotypes
| Antimicrobial subclass | Antimicrobial agent | Phenotypes | Genotypes (No. of isolates contained different resistance gene cassettes or type) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. of resistant isolates (%) | No. of sensitive isolates | aadA1, aadA2, aadA4, aadA5, aadA24, aacA4 or aadB | dhfrV, dfrA1 or dfrA12 | qacH | cmlA6 | type H integron only | ||
| Aminoglycosides | gentamicin | 82(67.8) | – | 61 | / | / | / | 21 |
| – | 39 | 24 | / | / | / | 6 | ||
| kanamycin | 83(68.6) | – | 62 | / | / | / | 21 | |
| – | 38 | 25 | / | / | / | 6 | ||
| Folate pathway inhibitors | trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT) | 39(32.2) | – | / | 28 | / | / | 5 |
| – | 82 | / | 46 | / | / | 20 | ||
| Phenicols | chloramphenicol | 36(29.8) | – | / | / | / | 5 | 4 |
| – | 85 | / | / | / | 13 | 23 | ||
| Pencillins | Penicillin G | 97(80.2) | / | / | / | / | / | 25 |
| – | 24 | / | / | / | / | 3 | ||
| ampicillin | 97(80.2) | / | / | / | / | / | 25 | |
| – | 24 | / | / | / | / | 3 | ||
| Macrolides | erythromycin | 40(33.1) | / | / | / | / | / | 11 |
| – | 81 | / | / | / | / | 16 | ||
| Lincosamides | clindamycin | 2(1.7) | / | / | / | / | / | 1 |
| – | 119 | / | / | / | / | 26 | ||
| Tetracyclines | tetracyclin | 52(43) | / | / | / | / | / | 11 |
| – | 69 | / | / | / | / | 12 | ||