Table 3. Baseline variables.
| All patients (N = 115) |
SSD (n = 92) |
BD (n = 23) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic details | ||||
| Age, mean (SD) | 41.8 (12.9) | 41.4 (12.8) | 43.6 (13.2) | .47 |
| Sex, n (%), male | 51 (44.3) | 41 (44.6) | 10 (43.5) | .23 |
| Partnership, n (%), single | 100 (87.0) | 83 (90.2) | 17 (73.9) | .04 |
| Education | .48 | |||
| 9 years, n (%) | 18 (16.4) | 14 (15.9) | 4 (18.2) | |
| 10 years, n (%) | 37 (33.6) | 32 (36.4) | 5 (22.7) | |
| 13 years, n (%) | 55 (50.0) | 42 (47.7) | 13 (59.1) | |
| Completed professional education, n (%) | 73 (63.5) | 58 (63.0) | 15 (65.2) | .65 |
| Employment/occupation, n (%) | 22 (18.1) | 18 (19.6) | 3 (13.0) | .47 |
| Living independently, n (%) | 102 (88.7) | 80 (87.0) | 22 (95.7) | .24 |
| Illness details | ||||
| First episode psychosis, n (%) | 15 (13.0) | 14 (15.2) | 1 (4.3) | .17 |
| Comorbid psychiatric disorder at entry, n (%) | 87 (75.7) | 71 (77.2) | 16 (69.6) | .45 |
| Substance use disorder (SUD) lifetime, n (%) | 62 (53.9) | 51 (55.4) | 11 (47.8) | .51 |
| Other comorbid disorder lifetime, n (%) | 68 (59.1) | 55 (59.8) | 13 (56.5) | .77 |
| Family history of psychiatric disorder a | ||||
| Any psychiatric disorder, n (%) | 54 (47.0) | 42 (45.7) | 12 (52.2) | .78 |
| Psychotic disorder, n (%) | 31 (27.0) | 23 (25.0) | 8 (34.8) | .45 |
| Previous inpatient treatment | ||||
| Any inpatient treatment lifetime, n (%) | 97 (84.3) | 76 (82.6) | 21 (91.3) | .21 |
| Involuntary admission, lifetime, n (%) | 50 (43.5) | 39 (42.4) | 11 (47.8) | .52 |
| Involuntary admission, 2 years before, n (%) | 40 (34.8) | 30 (32.6) | 10 (43.5) | .26 |
| Psychotherapy treatment, 2 years before, n (%) | 15 (13.0) | 10 (10.9) | 5 (21.7) | .17 |
| Insight into illness before IC, n (%) | 72 (61.0) | 51 (55.4) | 18 (81.8) | .04 |
| Suicide attempts in the past, n (%) | 47 (40.9) | 33 (35.9) | 14 (60.9) | .03 |
| Forensic history, n (%) | 9 (7.8) | 8 (8.7) | 1 (4.3) | .45 |
| Traumatic adversities | ||||
| Any traumatic adversity in the past, n (%) | 73 (63.5) | 55 (59.8) | 18 (78.3) | .14 |
| Traumatic adversities before age 18, n (%) | 58 (50.4) | 47 (51.1) | 11 (47.8) | .93 |
| Duration of untreated illness | ||||
| DUI, median in weeks (quartiles) | 156.4 (52.3–275.0) | 156.6 (56.5–264.2) | 104.4 (44.6–373.7) | .67 |
| DUP, median in weeks (quartiles) | 21.6 (5.9–52.1) | 21.9 (8.4–52.1) | 8.4 (0.0–21.9) | .01 |
| Full adherence with last medication, n (%) | 29 (25.2) | 25 (27.2) | 4 (17.4) | .34 |
| Baseline scores of assessment scales | ||||
| BPRS total score, mean (SD) | 81.8 (20.5) | 81.3 (19.7) | 84.0 (23.8) | .57 |
| CGI-S-score, mean (SD) | 5.9 (0.9) | 5.9 (0.9) | 5.8 (1.1) | .70 |
| GAF-score, mean (SD) | 37.0 (12.2) | 36.7 (12.2) | 38.0 (12.8) | .67 |
| Q-LES-Q-18-score, mean (SD) | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.2 (0.6) | 2.3 (0.8) | .70 |
| CSQ-8 P-score, mean (SD) | 1.9 (0.4) | 1.9 (0.4) | 2.0 (0.4) | .28 |
Notes. BD = Bipolar Disorder; SSD = Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder; BPRS: Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, CGI-S: Clinical Global Impression scale—Severity score, GAF: Global Assessment of Functioning scale, CSQ-8 P: Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 (patient version), Q-LES-Q-18: Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire.
a First- and second-degree relatives.