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ER stress and UPR system in PD models
| Drug or gene modification | αS pathology | Neuronal loss | Striatal DA reduction | Motor behavior | Remarks | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SN | Other region | ||||||
| Toxin | Tunicamycin | Yes | Yes | No | ND | Yes | SN injection |
| Genetics | ATF6a (KO) | No | Worse | No | ND | No | MPTP & probenecid injection |
| GRP78 (KD) | Worse | Worse | No | Worse | No | αS expression | |
| ATF4 (TW) | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | rAAV expression in SN | |
ND: not determined; KO: knockout; KD: knockdown; TM: Transgenic mutant gene; TW: Transgenic wildtype gene.
