Table 2. Key pharmacological properties of linagliptin and other globally marketed DPP-4 inhibitors.
Compound | IC50 (nM) [134] | KD (nM) [134] | kon (M−1.s−1) [134] | koff × 10−4 (s−1) [134] | VD [20] | Renal excretion (%) [20] | Protein binding (%) [20] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alogliptin | 35.5 | 2.4 | 1.3 × 106 | 31 | 581 | 63.3 | 20 |
Linagliptin | 1.4 | 0.0066 | 7.6 × 106 | 0.51 | 1110−3060 | 6.3 | 75−99 |
Saxagliptin | 55.0 | 0.3 | 9.2 × 105 | 2.0 | 151 | 24 | <10 |
Sitagliptin | 45.0 | 5.3 | 1.5 × 107 | 630 | 198 | 75 | 38 |
Vildagliptin | 95.5 | 2.4 | 7.1 × 104 | 1.7 | 70.5 | 22.6 | 9 |
Abbreviations: KD, equilibrium dissociation constant; kon, rate constant for association of the DPP-4/inhibitor complex; koff, rate constant for dissociation of the DPP-4/inhibitor complex; VD, volume of distribution.