Table 1.

Sex Differences in Risk Factor Prevalence, Associations, and Treatment Disparities, Women Compared with Men

Risk Factor	Prevalence	Association with IS	Treatment Disparity
Hypertension	Lower in women (vs. men) in younger age groups, higher in older age groups	Similar in women (vs. men) in younger age groups, higher in older age groups	In younger age groups, women more likely to have BP controlled; in older age groups, women less likely to have BP controlled.
Dyslipidemia	Data conflict; either similar between sexes or lower in women	Lower in women	Women less likely to be on statins and have LDL controlled.
Atrial Fibrillation	Higher in women	Higher in women	Women less likely to be prescribed oral anticoagulants, less likely to have cardiac ablation, and receive lower doses of NOACs.
Migraine	Higher in women	Higher in women.	Unknown if migraine treatment reduces stroke risk.
Diabetes	Similar women vs. men	Higher in women	Data conflict regarding sex differences in meeting HbA1c goal
Cognitive Impairment	Higher in women	Unknown whether there is a sex difference	Women less likely to be treated with anti-dementia drugs

IS: Ischemic stroke. BP: blood pressure. NOAC: novel oral anticoagulant. HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin