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Normalized photoreceptor spectral sensitivities of: (A) Human, (B) honeybee (Apis mellifera), (C) butterfly (Papilio xuthus), and (D) fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). Panels (A–C) are reused with permission from the publication (Osorio and Vorobyev, 2008). Panel (D) is modified from (Salcedo et al., 1999). In panel (C), only the spectral specificity of narrowband receptors is shown among the known eight photoreceptors of the butterfly.
