Table 1.

Means and standard deviations of study variables, and results of ANOVA tests for differences between minimally- and conventionally-shod participants. Tests are carried out on variance from general linear models.

Variable	Minimally Shod		Conventionally Shod		F	df	P-value
Static	N	mean ± s.d.	N	mean ± s.d.
AHI	75	0.35 ± 0.03	26	0.32 ± 0.03	28.6	97	<0.0001
ASI†	75	2570 ± 1170	26	2020 ± 1070	7.1	97	0.009
BMI	75	25.7 ± 3.7	26	25.6 ± 3.3	0.2	97	0.64
Muscle CSA
AH*	47	2.96 ± 0.51	25	2.77 ± 0.47	20	69	<0.0001
FDB*	54	2.45 ± 0.38	24	2.66 ± 0.53	1.7	75	0.2
ADM*’†	25	1.24 ± 0.26	20	1.14 ± 0.38	12.7	42	0.0009
Dynamic
θmax	30	7.7 ± 2.1	25	9.8 ± 2.4	11.2	50	0.002
kmid*,†	30	1774 ± 925	25	1304 ± 477	10.4	51	0.002

^*For general linear models, these variables were scaled by dividing by (body mass)^0.67.

^†For general linear models, these variables were logged.