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. 2018 Feb 27;8:3733. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-21893-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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In vivo binding of targeted liposomes. (A) Schematic of experimental design. (B) Rhodamine B levels in the plasma (2 h after dosing). (C) Rhodamine B fluorescence in sorted peripheral blood (PB) cells used for confocal analysis. Average gMFI ± SEM from 3 experiments (normalized for cellular autofluorescence). (D–G) Confocal imaging of liposome binding to PB cells. After cytometry and sorting, confocal microscopy was performed for CD11b (FITC) (D), CD3 (Cy5) (E), CD19 (Cy5) (F), Ly-6G (FITC) (G), Rhodamine B (to identify liposomes), and Hoechst 33342 (nucleus). Identical confocal acquisition settings were used for all images. For all experiments, targeted liposome = THI0567-targeted liposomal-Gd (150 nm; 1.0% targeting conjugate); non-targeted = liposomal-Gd (150 nm; 0% targeting conjugate). Abbreviations: PBL (peripheral blood lymphocytes); gMFI (geometric mean fluorescence intensity); SEM (standard error of the mean); CD (cluster of differentiation); PMN (polymorphonuclear).