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. 2018 Feb 27;8:3701. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22037-x

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Membrane activity of niclosamide. (A–D) Membrane potential. Fluorescence probe Disc3(5) loaded H. pylori was treated with (A) Valinomycin; (B) Niclosamide; (C) Amoxicillin; (D) CCCP and the fluorescence was recorded before and after treatment. Niclosamide caused decreased transmembrane pH, whereas positive control agent valinomycin perturbed membrane potential. Data depicts three independent experiments. (E) Membrane permeability. H. pylori was loaded with Sytox green fluorescence probe and 0.5 h later, treated with niclosamide and the cellular fluorescence was measured. Niclosamide did not cause membrane damage of H. pylori but the oxyclozanide (positive control) cause membrane damage. Data represent the mean ± SEM (n = 3).