Table 3.
Abiotic stress | Trait | Response to stress | Crop | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Drought | Seed yield | High yield for drought-tolerant genotypes | Pearl millet | [29] |
Flowering time | Adjust phenology to rainfall pattern | Pearl millet | [30] | |
Shoot length | Decreased under drought | Little millet | [31] | |
Root length | Increased under drought | Little millet | [31] | |
Leaf tensile strength | Increased in drought-tolerant plants | Tef | [32] | |
Water extraction | Less extraction before flowering; more extraction after flowering | Pearl millet | [29] | |
Chlorophyll content | Decreased under drought | Little millet | [31] | |
| ||||
Waterlogging | Cellular structure | Aerenchyma formation | Sunflower | [33] |
Formation of adventitious roots | Sorghum, finger millet | [34, 35] | ||
Metabolism | Generation of antioxidants | Pigeon pea | [36] | |
Change to anaerobic metabolism | Finger millet | [37] | ||
Plant height | Fast growth | Mung bean | [38] | |
| ||||
Heat | Growth | Growth and nutrient uptake | Chickpea, Pearl millet | [39, 40] |
Yield | Unknown | Cowpea | [41] | |
| ||||
Cold and frost | Growth | Early flowering, protracted rosette | Faba bean | [42] |
Early flowering | Sorghum | [43] |