Table 2.
Comparisons of demographics, learning model, outcomes, satisfaction, and experience between classical cognitive styles.
| Variables | Classical field-dependent, N=5 | Classical field-independent, N=55 | P valuea | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age in years, median (IQRb) | 23 (22-24) | 23 (23-24) | .45 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 2 (40) | 34 (62) | .38 | |
| Group embedded figures test score, median (IQR) | 9 (4-12) | 18 (17-18) | <.001 | |
| Learning model | ||||
| Interactive multimedia, n (%) | 3 (60) | 28 (51) | >.99 | |
| Learning outcomes | ||||
| Multiple-choice questions-before, median (IQR) | 40 (25-60) | 40 (40-50)c | .53 | |
| Multiple-choice questions-after, median (IQR) | 60 (50-80) | 70 (60-80)c | .70 | |
| Percentage change in multiple-choice question, median (IQR) | 67 (−7 to 200) | 50 (17-80)d | .90 | |
| Multimedia situational test-before, median (IQR) | 80 (50-100) | 80 (60-80)c | .63 | |
| Multimedia situational test-after, median (IQR) | 80 (70-90) | 80 (80-100)c | .92 | |
| Percentage change in multimedia situational test, median (IQR) | 0 (−30 to 92) | 25 (0-33)d | .68 | |
| Learning satisfaction | ||||
| Global satisfaction score, median (IQR) | 6 (4-7) | 7 (5-9)d | .25 | |
aMann-Whiney U test (continuous variables) or Fisher exact test (categorical variables).
bIQR: interquartile range.
cP<.05, before versus after, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed).
dP<.05, compared with a neutral value (“0” for multiple-choice question and multimedia situational test, or “5” for “global satisfaction score”), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed).