Table 3.
Comparisons of demographics, learning models, outcomes, satisfaction, and experience among modified cognitive styles.
| Variables | Modified field-dependent, N=15 | Modified field-intermediate, N=17 | Modified field-independent, N=28 | P valuea | |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age in years, median (IQRb) | 23 (22-24) | 23 (23-24) | 23 (23-24) | .74 | |
| Male sex, n (%) | 8 (53) | 12 (71) | 16 (57) | .56 | |
| Cognitive style | |||||
| Group embedded figures test score, median (IQR) | 14 (12-15) | 17 (17-17) | 18 | <.001 | |
| Learning module | |||||
| Interactive multimedia, n (%) | 8 (53) | 7 (41) | 15 (54) | .69 | |
| Learning outcomes | |||||
| Multiple-choice questions-before, median (IQR) | 50 (30-60)c | 40 (40-50)c | 40 (40-50)c | .47 | |
| Multiple-choice questions-after, median (IQR) | 70 (60-80)c | 70 (65-80)c | 70 (53-70)c | .48 | |
| Percentage change in multiple-choice question, median (IQR) | 40 (17-100)d | 75 (33-100)d | 45 (15-75)d | .34 | |
| Multimedia situational test-before, median (IQR) | 80 (60-80)c | 80 (60-80)c | 70 (60-80)c | .74 | |
| Multimedia situational test-after, median (IQR) | 80 (80-80)c | 80 (70-100)c | 80 (63-95)c | .83 | |
| Percentage change in multimedia situational test, median (IQR) | 25 (0-33)d | 25 (0-29)d | 0.0 (0-37)d | .82 | |
| Learning satisfaction | |||||
| Global satisfaction score, median (IQR) | 6 (3-7) | 8 (7-10)d | 7 (5-8)d | .02 | |
aMann-Whiney U test (continuous variables) or Fisher exact test (categorical variables).
bIQR: interquartile range.
cP<.05, before versus after, Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed).
dP<.05, compared with a neutral value (“0” for multiple-choice question and multimedia situational test, or “5” for “global satisfaction score”), Wilcoxon signed-rank test (two-tailed).