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. 2018 Feb 22;9:90. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00090

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Copyright © 2018 Kong, Shin, Kim and Ryu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Induction of pepper defense-related gene expression by 2,3-butanediol isomers under field conditions. Quantification of the expression of marker genes of the salicylic acid (CaPAL, CaPR4, and CaSAR8.2), ethylene (CaACC), and jasmonic acid (CaPIN2, CaPR4, and CaChi2) signaling pathways in plants treated with 1 mM of each 2,3-butanediol isomer (2R,3R-, 2R,3S-, and 2S,3S-butanediol), 1 mM benzothiadiazole (BTH), and water. The housekeeping gene CaActin was used for normalization. Different letters within panels indicate significant differences between treatments according to LSD at a significance level of P < 0.05. Error bars represent mean ± SEM. Sample size: n = 100 plants per treatment in 2017.