Table 3.
Twenty regression analyses showing the independent associations of gender, level of intellectual disabilities, Down syndrome and age, with the top 20 physical health conditions (ORs (95% CIs))
| Physical health condition | Gender | Level of disability | Down syndrome | Age | ||||||||
| Ref=Male | Mild | Moderate | Severe | Profound | Ref: without | 16–24 | 25–34 | 35–44 | 45–54 | 55–64 | 65+ | |
| Vision | 0.79 (0.61 to 1.02) |
Ref | 1.12 (0.81 to 1.55) |
1.80
(1.27 to 2.57) |
2.57
(1.78 to 3.70) |
1.10 (0.79 to 1.53) |
Ref | 0.83 (0.51 to 1.35) |
1.11 (0.71 to 1.73) |
1.05 (0.67 to 1.65) |
0.88 (0.55 to 1.42) |
0.77 (0.43 to 1.36) |
| Obesity |
1.34
(1.03 to 1.73) |
Ref | 0.78 (0.56 to 1.08) |
0.65
(0.46 to 0.94) |
0.30
(0.19 to 0.45) |
2.06
(1.47 to 2.88) |
Ref | 1.35 (0.81 to 2.24) |
1.06 (0.66 to 1.70) |
1.78
(1.11 to 2.84) |
0.96 (0.58 to 1.60) |
1.21 (0.67 to 2.18) |
| Epilepsy | 1.04 (0.79 to 1.38) |
Ref |
1.57
(1.09 to 2.3) |
1.78
(1.21 to 2.62) |
4.49
(3.06 to 6.65) |
0.21
(0.13 to 0.34) |
Ref |
1.74
(1.02 to 2.97) |
1.68
(1.02 to 2.75) |
1.23 (0.74 to 2.02) |
1.02 (0.60 to 1.74) |
0.68 (0.35 to 1.30) |
| Constipation |
1.50
(1.14 to 1.97) |
Ref | 1.26 (0.88 to 1.82) |
1.85
(1.27 to 2.70) |
4.30
(2.95 to 6.28) |
0.56
(0.38 to 0.82) |
Ref | 1.38 (0.81 to 2.34) |
1.18 (0.72 to 1.94) |
1.59 (0.97 to 2.59) |
1.13 (0.67 to 1.92) |
1.15 (0.62 to 2.15) |
| Ataxic/ gait disorder |
1.23 (0.92 to 1.64) |
Ref |
2.40
(1.62 to 3.56) |
3.79
(2.51 to 5.67) |
6.66
(4.42 to 10.03) |
0.40
(0.26 to 0.62) |
Ref | 1.43 (0.81 to 2.54) |
1.37 (0.80 to 2.34) |
1.78
(1.05 to 3.03) |
1.59 (0.90 to 2.78) |
2.59
(1.36 to 4.91) |
| Hearing | 0.97 (0.73 to 1.30) |
Ref | 0.94 (0.65 to 1.36) |
1.08 (0.73 to 1.61) |
0.86 (0.56 to 1.32) |
2.46
(1.74 to 3.49) |
Ref | 0.71 (0.39 to 1.29) |
0.91 (0.54 to 1.54) |
1.22 (0.73 to 2.05) |
1.37 (0.80 to 2.38) |
4.59
(2.49 to 8.46) |
| Nail disorder | 1.24 (0.92 to 1.66) |
Ref | 1.01 (0.69 to 1.49) |
1.05 (0.70 to 1.59) |
0.9 (0.59 to 1.39) |
1.24 (0.85 to 1.80) |
Ref |
1.95
(1.02 to 3.73) |
1.70 (0.92 to 3.12) |
2.92
(1.61 to 5.29) |
1.79 (0.94 to 3.41) |
2.41
(1.20 to 4.94) |
| Epidermal thickening |
1.83
(1.34 to 2.50) |
Ref |
1.49
(1 to 2.21) |
1.23 (0.79 to 1.92) |
1.32 (0.85 to 2.07) |
2.74
(1.91 to 3.93) |
Ref |
2.87
(1.40 to 5.86) |
2.29
(1.16 to 4.53) |
2.94
(1.49 to 5.79) |
3.25
(1.60 to 6.59) |
2.34
(1.01 to 5.40) |
| Cerebral palsy | 0.86 (0.61 to 1.22) |
Ref |
2.38
(1.41 to 4.04) |
4.10
(2.43 to 6.86) |
9.86
(6.02 to 16.15) |
0.15
(0.07 to 0.32) |
Ref | 1.62 (0.86 to 3.06) |
1.17 (0.63 to 2.14) |
1.25 (0.68 to 2.29) |
0.84 (0.43 to 1.63) |
0.63 (0.27 to 1.47) |
| Osteoporosis |
2.34
(1.64 to 3.32) |
Ref |
1.68
(1.01 to 2.82) |
2.67
(1.61 to 4.44) |
9.66
(6.01 to 15.54) |
0.22
(0.11 to 0.43) |
Ref | 1.59 (0.77 to 3.26) |
2.11
(1.08 to 4.13) |
1.55 (0.78 to 3.08) |
2.40
(1.20 to 4.84) |
2.85
(1.30 to 6.27) |
| Fungal infection | 0.85 (0.60 to 1.20) |
Ref | 0.66 (0.43 to 1.03) |
0.76 (0.48 to 1.20) |
0.39
(0.22 to 0.69) |
1.68
(1.11 to 2.53) |
Ref |
9.00
(3.09 to 26.20) |
3.77
(1.29 to 10.99) |
8.22
(2.89 to 23.39) |
6.40
(2.18 to 18.79) |
5.33
(1.66 to 17.11) |
| Hypertension | 0.93 (0.65 to 1.33) |
Ref |
0.65
(0.42 to 1.00) |
0.43
(0.25 to 0.72) |
0.31
(0.17 to 0.57) |
0.22
(0.10 to 0.46) |
Ref | 2.11 (0.78 to 5.66) |
2.52
(1.01 to 6.30) |
4.49
(1.83 to 10.98) |
5.31
(2.15 to 13.16) |
7.74
(2.99 to 19.99) |
| Bone deformity | 1.31 (0.92 to 1.85) |
Ref | 1.37 (0.85 to 2.21) |
1.27 (0.76 to 2.13) |
2.96
(1.87 to 4.70) |
1.03 (0.65 to 1.64) |
Ref | 1.22 (0.6 to 2.47) |
1.01 (0.52 to 1.98) |
1.58 (0.83 to 3.02) |
1.53 (0.77 to 3.04) |
2.06 (0.95 to 4.47) |
| Musculoskeletal |
1.89
(1.32 to 2.70) |
Ref |
0.54
(0.35 to 0.85) |
0.45
(0.27 to 0.74) |
0.16
(0.07 to 0.34) |
1.14 (0.73 to 1.79) |
Ref | 2.35 (0.99 to 5.57) |
2.08 (0.92 to 4.70) |
3.10
(1.39 to 6.95) |
3.22
(1.40 to 7.41) |
2.31 (0.90 to 5.96) |
| Eczema | 0.95 (0.66 to 1.35) |
Ref | 0.62 (0.38 to 1.0) |
0.89 (0.55 to 1.45) |
0.92 (0.57 to 1.50) |
1.70
(1.12 to 2.59) |
Ref | 1.04 (0.55 to 1.97) |
0.74 (0.40 to 1.36) |
0.890 (0.49 to 1.62) |
0.71 (0.36 to 1.38) |
0.81 (0.36 to 1.81) |
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disorder | 1.31 (0.91 to 1.87) |
Ref | 0.85 (0.5 to 1.45) |
1.40 (0.84 to 2.35) |
3.36
(2.13 to 5.29) |
0.95 (0.59 to 1.53) |
Ref | 1.05 (0.49 to 2.22) |
1.63 (0.84 to 3.18) |
1.80 (0.92 to 3.49) |
1.22 (0.58 to 2.55) |
1.21 (0.50 to 2.93) |
| Dysphagia |
1.46
(1.01 to 2.12) |
Ref |
2.35
(1.30 to 4.25) |
3.58
(1.99 to 6.44) |
10.50
(6.13 to 17.98) |
0.96 (0.58 to 1.59) |
Ref | 1.24 (0.61 to 2.50) |
1.17 (0.60 to 2.27) |
1.04 (0.53 to 2.03) |
1.39 (0.69 to 2.8) |
0.94 (0.38 to 2.32) |
| Lower respiratory tract infection | 0.9 (0.62 to 1.30) |
Ref | 0.78 (0.46 to 1.32) |
0.76 (0.43 to 1.34) |
2.51
(1.58 to 3.99) |
1.87
(1.20 to 2.92) |
Ref | 0.68 (0.35 to 1.32) |
0.64 (0.35 to 1.17) |
0.63 (0.34 to 1.17) |
0.63 (0.32 to 1.23) |
0.78 (0.34 to 1.78) |
| Dyspnoea |
2.07
(1.42 to 3.03) |
Ref | 0.95 (0.59 to 1.52) |
1.03 (0.63 to 1.69) |
0.38
(0.19 to 0.75) |
1.12 (0.70 to 1.8) |
Ref | 1.25 (0.54 to 2.88) |
1.29 (0.60 to 2.77) |
2.43
(1.16 to 5.06) |
1.30 (0.57 to 2.94) |
2.30 (0.98 to 5.44) |
| Dental health | 0.90 (0.62 to 1.31) |
Ref | 0.88 (0.54 to 1.42) |
1.15 (0.70 to 1.88) |
0.65 (0.3 to 1.16) |
1.28 (0.80 to 2.04) |
Ref | 1.90 (0.92 to 3.94) |
0.97 (0.47 to 2.01) |
1.51 (0.75 to 3.04) |
1.21 (0.56 to 2.58) |
1.31 (0.54 to 3.15) |
Numbers in bold are significant results.