Table 3.

Factors affecting smoking cessation service provision for regular smokers in primary healthcare by multivariate logistic regression analysis (ORs with corresponding 95% CI)

Variables	Brief intervention	Programmatic support	Any cessation support
Gender (reference: female)
Male	0.99 (0.66 to 1.47)	0.50 (0.28 to 0.91)	0.81 (0.56 to 1.15)
Age group (reference: 18–34)
35–64	0.46 (0.29 to 0.70)	2.12 (1.01 to 4.46)	0.71 (0.48 to 1.06)
65+	0.41 (0.19 to 0.88)	1.46 (0.37 to 5.84)	0.54 (0.26 to 1.11)
Education level (reference: primary or less)
Vocational	1.46 (0.93 to 2.31)	2.23 (1.03 to 4.84)	1.71 (1.13 to 2.59)
High school	1.74 (1.05 to 2.89)	3.42 (1.54 to 7.60)	2.08 (1.31 to 3.31)
Tertiary	0.50 (0.17 to 1.48)	2.47 (0.77 to 7.88)	1.00 (0.44 to 2.29)
Tobacco-related diseases (reference: no disease)
Cardiovascular	6.58 (3.80 to 11.37)	0.30 (0.09 to 1.03)	3.91 (2.33 to 6.54)
COPD	4.58 (1.36 to 15.46)	1.22 (0.14 to 10.42)	3.34 (1.04 to 10.68)
HSI (reference: moderate to high)
Low	0.30 (0.12 to 0.75)	1.30 (0.53 to 3.23)	0.50 (0.24 to 1.01)
Intention to quit (reference: no)
Yes	1.49 (1.00 to 2.22)	0.87 (0.48 to 1.56)	1.17 (0.82 to 1.67)

COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HSI, Heaviness of Smoking Index.