Table 1.

Types of patient engagement activities for hospital service improvement⁹

Consultation	Involvement	Partnership and shared leadership
Provide solicited feedback by questionnaire or interview on how to improve services22 26 Provide voluntary feedback through mass media or suggestion boxes28	Members of quality committees20 Members of hospital management committees21 28 Members of advisory panels, councils or networks21–23 25 29 Members of project teams20 22 24 25 27 Provide education to other patients25	Members of a citizen advisory panel that prioritised core services to inform hospital restructuring; recommendations were largely adopted by the hospital board23