TABLE 1. Estimated proportion of adults aged ≥19 years who received selected vaccinations, by age group, increased-risk status,* and race/ethnicity† — National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2015.
| Vaccination, age group, increased-risk status, and race/ethnicity | Sample size | % | (95% CI) | Simple difference from 2014 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Influenza vaccination, 2014–15 season§
| ||||
|
≥19 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
31,897
|
44.8
|
(43.7–45.8)
|
1.6¶
|
| White |
19,905 |
48.5 |
(47.2–49.8) |
1.8 |
| Black |
4,159 |
37.7 |
(35.3–40.3)** |
1.2 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
5,286 |
33.0 |
(30.9–35.2)** |
-0.2 |
| Asian |
1,733 |
49.0 |
(44.8–53.3) |
4.4 |
| Other |
814 |
43.0 |
(35.5–51.4) |
4.4 |
|
19–49 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
15,785
|
32.5
|
(31.1–33.9)
|
1.0
|
| White |
8,635 |
34.6 |
(32.8–36.4) |
1.8 |
| Black |
2,073 |
29.1 |
(26.1–32.4)** |
-0.7 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
3,529 |
25.1 |
(22.7–27.7)** |
-1.9 |
| Asian |
1,054 |
43.1 |
(37.6–49.1) |
7.1 |
| Other |
494 |
32.2 |
(24.2–41.9) |
-0.2 |
|
50–64 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
8,296
|
48.7
|
(46.6–50.8)
|
1.0
|
| White |
5,542 |
50.2 |
(47.7–52.7) |
0.4 |
| Black |
1,166 |
41.9 |
(37.3–46.9)** |
2.0 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
1,035 |
44.9 |
(38.2–52.3) |
4.2 |
| Asian |
370 |
45.9 |
(37.5–55.2) |
-5.7 |
| Other |
183 |
61.3 |
(46.1–76.7) |
17.4 |
|
≥65 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
7,816
|
73.5
|
(71.7–75.2)
|
2.0
|
| White |
5,728 |
75.1 |
(73.2–77.0) |
1.7 |
| Black |
920 |
64.3 |
(58.1–70.6)** |
3.8 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
722 |
64.1 |
(57.9–70.4)** |
0.1 |
| Asian |
309 |
83.5 |
(71.6–92.5) |
11.0 |
| Other |
137 |
77.2 |
(65.0–87.6) |
13.6 |
|
Pneumococcal vaccination, ever††
| ||||
|
19–64 yrs, increased risk
| ||||
|
Total
|
8,196
|
23.0
|
(21.8–24.3)
|
2.8¶
|
| White |
5,174 |
24.0 |
(22.5–25.6) |
2.9¶ |
| Black |
1,225 |
22.0 |
(19.0–25.4) |
1.8 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
1,206 |
19.4 |
(16.6–22.6)** |
3.1 |
| Asian |
290 |
21.5 |
(15.4–29.2) |
6.9 |
| Other |
301 |
22.6 |
(16.5–30.1) |
-2.7 |
|
≥65 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
8,057
|
63.6
|
(62.1–65.1)
|
2.3
|
| White |
5,893 |
68.1 |
(66.4–69.9) |
3.4¶ |
| Black |
946 |
50.2 |
(46.5–53.9)** |
0.4 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
757 |
41.7 |
(37.2–46.3)** |
-3.5 |
| Asian |
314 |
49.0 |
(41.7–56.3)** |
1.3 |
| Other |
147 |
62.7 |
(51.0–73.0) |
-6.7 |
|
Tetanus vaccination (received in past 10 years)§§
| ||||
|
≥19 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
31,441
|
61.6
|
(60.7–62.5)
|
-0.6
|
| White |
19,594 |
66.5 |
(65.3–67.6) |
-0.8 |
| Black |
4,128 |
51.9 |
(49.8–54.0)** |
1.3 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
5,186 |
51.9 |
(49.9–53.8)** |
-0.3 |
| Asian |
1,705 |
51.0 |
(47.8–54.2)** |
0.5 |
| Other |
828 |
63.8 |
(58.7–68.6) |
-7.6¶ |
|
19–49 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
15,369
|
62.1
|
(60.9–63.3)
|
-0.5
|
| White |
8,420 |
68.5 |
(66.9–70.0) |
-0.5 |
| Black |
2,021 |
53.4 |
(50.6–56.3)** |
0.6 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
3,398 |
51.3 |
(49.1–53.6)** |
-0.6 |
| Asian |
1,034 |
54.1 |
(50.2–58.0)** |
2.3 |
| Other |
496 |
63.8 |
(57.3–69.7) |
-8.2 |
|
50–64 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
8,216
|
64.1
|
(62.6–65.5)
|
-0.6
|
| White |
5,446 |
68.7 |
(67.0–70.4) |
-0.7 |
| Black |
1,181 |
53.0 |
(49.4–56.6)** |
3.2 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
1,041 |
54.5 |
(50.5–58.4)** |
-0.1 |
| Asian |
363 |
45.2 |
(37.6–53.0)** |
-3.9 |
| Other |
185 |
64.6 |
(53.3–74.5) |
-10.3 |
|
≥65 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
7,856
|
56.9
|
(55.3–58.4)
|
-0.9
|
| White |
5,728 |
59.4 |
(57.6–61.1) |
-1.3 |
| Black |
926 |
43.8 |
(39.5–48.1)** |
0.6 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
747 |
50.6 |
(45.5–55.7)** |
1.4 |
| Asian |
308 |
46.7 |
(39.9–53.7)** |
0.1 |
| Other |
147 |
62.8 |
(47.4–76.0) |
-0.2 |
|
Tetanus vaccination including pertussis vaccine (received in past 10 years)¶¶
| ||||
|
≥19 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
20,406
|
23.1
|
(22.1–24.2)
|
3.1¶
|
| White |
12,264 |
27.0 |
(25.7–28.4) |
3.2¶ |
| Black |
2,820 |
15.1 |
(13.2–17.2)** |
3.5¶ |
| Hispanic or Latino |
3,545 |
14.3 |
(12.7–16.0)** |
1.8 |
| Asian |
1,233 |
19.9 |
(17.2–22.8)** |
4.3¶ |
| Other |
544 |
29.7 |
(22.9–37.5) |
2.3 |
| Living with an infant aged <1 yr |
608 |
41.9 |
(36.5–47.6) |
10.0¶ |
| Not living with an infant aged <1 yr |
19,798 |
22.4 |
(21.4–23.4)*** |
2.8¶ |
|
19–64 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
15,262
|
24.7
|
(23.6–25.9)
|
3.3¶
|
| White |
8,627 |
29.7 |
(28.2–31.3) |
3.6¶ |
| Black |
2,146 |
16.1 |
(14.0–18.4)** |
3.4¶ |
| Hispanic or Latino |
3,031 |
14.8 |
(13.2–16.6)** |
1.8 |
| Asian |
1,003 |
20.9 |
(17.9–24.2)** |
5.3¶ |
| Other |
455 |
31.1 |
(24.1–39.1) |
2.4 |
| Living with an infant aged <1 yr |
601 |
42.0 |
(36.6–47.6) |
9.5¶ |
| Not living with an infant aged <1 yr |
14,661 |
23.9 |
(22.8–25.1)*** |
3.0¶ |
|
≥65 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
5,144
|
16.5
|
(15.0–18.1)
|
2.5
|
| White |
3,637 |
18.2 |
(16.4–20.1) |
2.5 |
| Black |
674 |
9.7 |
(7.2–12.9)** |
4.7¶ |
| Hispanic or Latino |
514 |
9.1 |
(6.0–13.6)** |
2.5 |
| Asian |
230 |
13.8 |
(8.6–21.4) |
-1.4 |
| Other |
89 |
—††† |
— |
— |
| Living with an infant aged <1 yr |
7 |
— |
— |
— |
| Not living with an infant aged <1 yr |
5,137 |
16.5 |
(14.9–18.1) |
2.4 |
|
Hepatitis A vaccination (at least 2 doses), ever§§§
| ||||
|
≥19 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
28,680
|
9.0
|
(8.5–9.5)
|
0.1
|
| Traveler¶¶¶ |
9,085 |
16.0 |
(15.0–17.0) |
0.0 |
| Nontraveler**** |
19,543 |
5.4 |
(5.0–5.9)†††† |
-0.1 |
| With chronic liver conditions, overall |
370 |
8.6 |
(5.6–13.0) |
-5.2 |
|
19–49 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
13,272
|
12.3
|
(11.5–13.2)
|
0.2
|
| White |
7,314 |
12.8 |
(11.8–13.8) |
0.0 |
| Black |
1,762 |
10.8 |
(8.9–13.0) |
-0.4 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
2,948 |
10.4 |
(9.0–11.9)** |
0.8 |
| Asian |
824 |
17.9 |
(14.5–21.8)** |
2.7 |
| Other |
424 |
14.1 |
(9.9–19.8) |
-0.6 |
| Traveler |
4,931 |
19.2 |
(17.8–20.8) |
0.4 |
| Nontraveler |
8,321 |
8.1 |
(7.3–9.0) †††† |
0.0 |
| With chronic liver conditions, overall |
101 |
— |
— |
— |
|
≥50 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
15,408
|
5.5
|
(5.0–6.0)
|
0.0
|
| Traveler |
4,154 |
11.6 |
(10.4–13.0) |
-0.3 |
| Nontraveler |
11,222 |
2.9 |
(2.4–3.4) †††† |
0.0 |
| With chronic liver conditions, overall |
269 |
8.5 |
(4.9–14.4) |
-3.8 |
|
Hepatitis B vaccination (at least 3 doses), ever§§§§
| ||||
|
≥19 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
29,743
|
24.6
|
(23.8–25.4)
|
0.1
|
| Traveler |
9,717 |
31.6 |
(30.4–32.9) |
1.1 |
| Nontraveler |
19,964 |
20.9 |
(20.0–21.8)†††† |
-0.6 |
| With chronic liver conditions, overall |
378 |
27.4 |
(21.6–34.1) |
-2.4 |
|
19–49 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
14,076
|
32.0
|
(30.7–33.2)
|
-0.3
|
| White |
7,726 |
34.9 |
(33.3–36.6) |
-1.4 |
| Black |
1,881 |
29.4 |
(26.8–32.2)** |
-0.5 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
3,085 |
22.5 |
(20.5–24.6)** |
2.3 |
| Asian |
928 |
38.3 |
(34.6–42.1) |
2.7 |
| Other |
456 |
36.2 |
(29.5–43.6) |
2.7 |
| Traveler |
5,405 |
38.3 |
(36.5–40.1) |
1.3 |
| Nontraveler |
8,647 |
28.0 |
(26.5–29.5)†††† |
-1.4 |
| With chronic liver conditions, overall |
107 |
30.0 |
(19.0–44.0) |
-11.5 |
|
≥50 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
15,667
|
16.5
|
(15.6–17.4)
|
0.8
|
| Traveler |
4,312 |
22.3 |
(20.6–24.2) |
1.2 |
| Nontraveler |
11,317 |
13.9 |
(13.0–14.9)†††† |
0.6 |
| With chronic liver conditions, overall |
271 |
26.3 |
(19.5–34.4) |
1.1 |
|
With diabetes, overall
| ||||
| 19–59 yrs |
1,195 |
24.4 |
(21.1–28.0) |
0.8 |
| ≥60 yrs |
2,075 |
12.6 |
(10.8–14.7) |
-0.9 |
|
Herpes zoster (shingles) vaccination, ever¶¶¶¶
| ||||
|
≥60 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
10,855
|
30.6
|
(29.3–31.9)
|
2.7¶
|
| White |
7,832 |
34.6 |
(33.1–36.2) |
2.7¶ |
| Black |
1,328 |
13.6 |
(11.1–16.6)** |
2.0 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
1,055 |
16.0 |
(13.4–18.9)** |
1.3 |
| Asian |
437 |
26.0 |
(20.4–32.5)** |
9.5¶ |
| Other |
203 |
28.0 |
(18.8–39.5) |
11.8 |
|
60–64 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
2,729
|
21.7
|
(19.5–24.0)
|
1.3
|
| White |
1,896 |
25.1 |
(22.3–28.0) |
0.8 |
| Black |
379 |
12.7 |
(8.6–18.3)** |
4.6 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
285 |
9.1 |
(5.8–13.9)** |
-2.1 |
| Asian |
113 |
14.6 |
(8.5–23.9)** |
6.8 |
| Other |
56 |
— |
— |
— |
|
≥65 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
8,126
|
34.2
|
(32.7–35.7)
|
3.2¶
|
| White |
5,936 |
38.3 |
(36.5–40.0) |
3.2¶ |
| Black |
949 |
14.1 |
(11.4–17.4)** |
0.6 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
770 |
19.2 |
(16.1–22.9)** |
2.9 |
| Asian |
324 |
30.6 |
(23.9–38.3)** |
9.9¶ |
| Other |
147 |
28.9 |
(17.1–44.4) |
9.3 |
|
HPV vaccination among females (at least 1 dose), ever*****
| ||||
|
19–21 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
540
|
42.0
|
(36.3–47.9)
|
-2.8
|
|
22–26 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
1,261
|
41.4
|
(37.2–45.6)
|
3.8
|
|
19–26 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
1,801
|
41.6
|
(38.2–45.1)
|
1.3
|
| White |
917 |
44.7 |
(39.9–49.5) |
-1.6 |
| Black |
269 |
38.0 |
(29.7–47.1) |
0.6 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
418 |
35.7 |
(29.9–42.0)** |
7.7 |
| Asian |
108 |
36.3 |
(24.8–49.5) |
13.5 |
| Other |
89 |
45.5 |
(29.9–62.1) |
-1.8 |
|
HPV vaccination among males (at least 1 dose), ever*****
| ||||
|
19–26 yrs
| ||||
|
Total
|
1,575
|
10.1
|
(8.3–12.3)
|
1.9
|
|
19–21 yrs
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
479
|
15.7
|
(12.0–20.5)
|
2.4
|
|
22–26 yrs
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total
|
1,096
|
7.3
|
(5.4–9.6)
|
1.9
|
|
HPV vaccination (at least 1 dose) during ages 19–26 years, among females without reported HPV vaccination prior to age 19 years†††††
| ||||
|
Total
|
1,194
|
12.2
|
(9.8–15.2)
|
0.4
|
| White |
560 |
11.8 |
(8.6–15.9) |
-2.1 |
| Black |
188 |
8.6 |
(5.0–14.3) |
-5.6 |
| Hispanic or Latino |
305 |
14.0 |
(8.6–21.9) |
6.6 |
| Asian |
86 |
— |
— |
— |
| Other |
55 |
— |
— |
— |
|
HPV vaccination (at least 1 dose) during ages 19–26 years, among males without reported HPV vaccination prior to age 19 years†††††
| ||||
|
Total
|
1,466
|
3.3
|
(2.2–4.9)
|
1.0
|
| White |
791 |
3.8 |
(2.2–6.5) |
1.9 |
| Black |
163 |
— |
— |
— |
| Hispanic or Latino |
339 |
— |
— |
— |
| Asian |
115 |
— |
— |
— |
| Other | 58 | — | — | — |
Abbreviations: CI = confidence interval; HPV = human papillomavirus; Td = tetanus-diphtheria toxoid; Tdap = tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine.
* Adults were considered at increased risk for pneumococcal disease if they had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had diabetes, emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, angina, heart attack, or other heart condition; had a diagnosis of cancer during the previous 12 months (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer); had ever been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had lymphoma, leukemia, or blood cancer; had been told by a doctor or other health professional that they had chronic bronchitis or weak or failing kidneys during the preceding 12 months; had an asthma episode or attack during the preceding 12 months; or were current smokers. For hepatitis A and hepatitis B vaccination, data were collected on selected respondent characteristics that increase the risk for infection (travel to countries where hepatitis A infections are endemic and having chronic liver disease; having diabetes, travel to countries where hepatitis B infections are endemic, and having chronic liver disease, respectively).
† Race/ethnicity was categorized as follows: Hispanic, black, white, Asian and “other.” In this report, persons identified as Hispanic might be of any race. Persons identified as black, white, Asian, or other race are non-Hispanic. “Other” includes American Indian/Alaska Native and multiple race. The five racial/ethnic categories are mutually exclusive.
§ Respondents were asked if they had received an influenza shot or nasal spray in the past 12 months and if so, in which month and year. Missing month and year were imputed (3.5%) and interviews conducted during August 2014–June 2015 were used to estimate vaccination coverage during July 2014–May 2015 using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Differences were measured as the simple difference between the 2013–14 and 2014–15 influenza seasons.
¶ p<0.05 by T test for comparisons between 2015 and 2014 (overall and within each level of each characteristic).
** p<0.05 by T test for comparisons with non-Hispanic white as the reference group.
†† Respondents were asked if they had ever had a pneumonia shot.
§§ Respondents were asked if they had received a tetanus shot in the past 10 years. Vaccinated respondents included adults who received Td during the past 10 years or Tdap during 2005–2015.
¶¶ Respondents who had received a tetanus shot in the past 10 years were asked if their most recent shot was given in 2005 or later. Respondents who had received a tetanus shot since 2005 were asked if they were told that their most recent tetanus shot included the pertussis or whooping cough vaccine. Among 33,348 respondents aged ≥19 years, those without a "yes" or "no" classification for tetanus vaccination status within the preceding 10 years (n = 1,907 [5.7%]), for tetanus vaccination status during 2005–2015 (n = 591 [1.7%]), or those who reported tetanus vaccination during 2005–2015, but were not told vaccine type by the provider (n = 8,408 [25.2%]), did not know vaccine type (Td or Tdap) (n = 2,031 [6.1%]), or refused to answer or for whom data were not obtained (n = 5 [0.01%]) were excluded, yielding a sample of 20,406 respondents aged ≥19 years for whom Tdap vaccination status could be assessed. In February 2012, ACIP recommended Tdap vaccination for all adults aged ≥19 years, including adults aged ≥65 years.
*** p<0.05 by T test for comparisons between persons living with an infant aged <1 and persons not living with an infant aged <1 year.
††† Estimate is not reliable due to small sample size (n<30) or relative standard error (standard error/estimates) >0.3.
§§§ Respondents were asked if they had ever received the hepatitis A vaccine, and if yes, were asked how many doses were received.
¶¶¶ Had traveled outside the United States to countries other than countries in Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada since 1995.
**** Had not traveled outside the United States to countries other than countries in Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada since 1995.
†††† p<0.05 by T test for comparisons between persons who had traveled outside the United States to countries other than countries in Europe, Japan, Australia, New Zealand, or Canada since 1995 and persons who had not traveled outside the United States to these areas since 1995.
§§§§ Respondents were asked if they had ever received the hepatitis B vaccine, and if yes, if they had received at least 3 doses or less than 3 doses.
¶¶¶¶ Respondents were asked if they had ever received a shingles vaccine.
***** Respondents were asked if they had ever received the HPV shot or cervical cancer vaccine, and if yes, age at the first dose.
††††† The denominator includes persons aged 19–26 years without HPV vaccination prior to age 19 years, and the numerator includes those in the denominator who reported first HPV dose at age 19–26 years.