Table 2.
Participant | Prosodic variation |
No prosodic variation |
||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Targets | Pretreatment |
Posttreatment |
% change | d 2 | Targets | Pretreatment |
Posttreatment |
% change | d 2 | |||||
M | % | M | % | M | % | M | % | |||||||
Danica | /ɹ/ rhyme | 0.7 | 0.9 | 80.9 | 2.5 | 79.2 | 46.35 | /ɹ/ onset | 2.1 (2.3) | 2.3 | 85.3 | 2.3 | 83.2 | 36.64 |
Ethan | /ɹ/ rhyme | 1.2 | 1.1 | 93.6 | 5.6 | 92.4 | 27.5 | /ɹ/ onset | 12.5 (7.2) | 7.2 | 84.5 | 9.4 | 72.0 | 8.71 |
Finn | /ɹ/ onset | 2.8 | 2.7 | 19.5 | 5.8 | 16.7 | 3.82 | /ɹ/ rhyme | 1.2 | 1.0 | 8.4 | 7.3 | 7.2 | 1.75 |
Greg | /ɹ/ rhyme | 0.2 | 0.3 | 14.4 | 8.7 | 14.2 | 3.15 | /ɹ/ onset | 18.5 | 8.9 | 41.2 | 22.7 | 22.7 | 1.42 |
Hannah | /ɹ/ onset | 4.1 | 3.0 | 18.3 | 9.6 | 14.2 | 2.27 | /ɹ/ rhyme | 0.5 | 1.0 | 4.7 | 4.5 | 4.2 | 1.51 |
Isaac | /ɹ/ onset | 1.3 | 0.7 | 13.4 | 5.3 | 12.1 | 4.00 | /s/ rhyme | 28.0 | 6.7 | 25.4 | 20.9 | −3.6 | −0.19 |
Mean (95% CI) | 1.7 | 40.0 | 38.1 [8.4,67.9] | 14.52 [−0.2,29.2] | 10.5 | 41.6 | 31.0 [1.1,60.8] | 8.31 [−3.1,19.7] |
Note. d2 = mean difference of the immediate three to five pretreatment values and three to five posttreatment values, divided by the pooled standard deviation of these pre- and posttreatment values.